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Potential of a BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine to prevent BPV1- or BPV2-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation and safety and immunogenicity of EcPV2 L1 VLPs in horse.
Abstract: We have previously shown that immunization of horses with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) is safe and highly immunogenic and that BPV1 and bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV2) are closely related serotypes. Here we evaluated the protective potential of a BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine against experimental BPV1 and BPV2 challenge and studied the safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)/BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine. Fourteen healthy horses were immunized with BPV1 L1 VLPs (100 µg per injection) plus adjuvant on days 0 and 28, while seven remained unvaccinated. On day 42, all 21 horses were challenged intradermally at 10 sites of the neck with 107 BPV1 virions per injection. In analogy, 14 horses immunized twice with EcPV2 plus BPV1 L1 VLPs (50 µg each) and seven control animals were challenged with 107 BPV2 virions per injection. Immunization with BPV1 L1 VLPs alone induced a robust antibody response (day 42 median titre: 12 800), and BPV1-inoculated skin remained unchanged in 13/14 vaccinated horses. Immunization with the bivalent vaccine was safe, resulted in lower median day 42 antibody titres of 400 for BPV1 and 1600 for EcPV2 and conferred significant yet incomplete cross-protection from BPV2-induced tumour formation, with 11/14 horses developing small, short-lived papules. Control horses developed pseudo-sarcoids at all inoculation sites. The monovalent BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine proved highly effective in protecting horses from BPV1-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation. Incomplete protection from BPV2-induced tumour development conferred by the bivalent vaccine is due to the poorer immune response by immune interference or lower cross-neutralization titres to heterologous BPV2 virions.
Publication Date: 2017-03-13 PubMed ID: 28284277DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000673Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study explores the efficacy of a bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine in preventing BPV1 and BPV2-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation in horses. It also investigates the safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)/BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine.
VLP Vaccine Testing for Protection Against BPV1 & BPV2
- The researchers have initially shown that vaccination of horses with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) is safe and invokes a strong immune response.
- BPV1 and bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV2) are closely related serotypes.
- In this study, the authors evaluate if a BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine can protect against BPV1 and BPV2.
- Fourteen healthy horses were vaccinated with BPV1 L1 VLPs plus an adjuvant on two occasions, with a gap of 28 days, while seven horses were left unvaccinated. On the 42nd day, all horses were experimentally exposed to BPV1.
- The horses vaccinated with BPV1 L1 VLPs developed a strong antibody response, and the skin of 13 out of 14 of these horses remained unchanged after exposure to BPV1.
Testing Safety and Immunogenicity of a Bivalent EcPV2/BPV1 L1 VLP Vaccine
- In addition to the above, the study also researches the safety and immune response of a bivalent equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)/BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine.
- Fourteen horses were immunized twice with EcPV2 plus BPV1 L1 VLPs and later exposed to BPV2.
- The bivalent vaccine was found to be safe and resulted in lower median day 42 antibody titres for both BPV1 and EcPV2.
- It provided significant, albeit incomplete, cross-protection from BPV2-induced tumor formation. Small, short-lived papules developed in 11 out of 14 horses, while the control animals developed pseudo-sarcoids at all inoculation points.
Conclusions
- The BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine was very effective in protecting horses from BPV1-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation.
- However, the protection conferred by the bivalent vaccine against BPV2-induced tumor development was incomplete, likely due to poorer immune response or lower cross-neutralization titres to heterologous BPV2.
Cite This Article
APA
Hainisch EK, Abel-Reichwald H, Shafti-Keramat S, Pratscher B, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G, Wetzig M, Jindra C, Tichy A, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S.
(2017).
Potential of a BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine to prevent BPV1- or BPV2-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation and safety and immunogenicity of EcPV2 L1 VLPs in horse.
J Gen Virol, 98(2), 230-241.
https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000673 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
MeSH Terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
- Animals
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / immunology
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral / immunology
- DNA, Viral / isolation & purification
- Disease Models, Animal
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Papillomavirus Infections / prevention & control
- Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
- Sarcoidosis / prevention & control
- Sarcoidosis / veterinary
- Skin Diseases / prevention & control
- Skin Diseases / veterinary
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- Virion / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids-From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023 Mar 30;11(4).
- Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S. Papillomavirus-like Particles in Equine Medicine. Viruses 2023 Jan 25;15(2).
- Munday JS, Orbell G, Fairley RA, Hardcastle M, Vaatstra B. Evidence from a Series of 104 Equine Sarcoids Suggests That Most Sarcoids in New Zealand Are Caused by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2, although Both BPV1 and BPV2 DNA Are Detectable in around 10% of Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021 Oct 29;11(11).
- Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Rümmele A, Wolschek M, Muster T, Brandt S. Influenza virus vector iNS1 expressing bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1) antigens efficiently induces tumour regression in equine sarcoid patients. PLoS One 2021;16(11):e0260155.
- Munday JS, Gedye K, Daudt C, Chaves Da Silva F. The Development of Novel Primer Sets to Specifically Amplify Each of the Five Different Deltapapillomaviruses That Cause Neoplasia after Cross-Species Infection. Vet Sci 2021 Sep 26;8(10).
- Jindra C, Kamjunke AK, Jones S, Brandt S. Screening for bovine papillomavirus type 13 (BPV13) in a European population of sarcoid-bearing equids. Equine Vet J 2021 Aug 30;54(4):662-9.
- Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Haga T. Anogenital-Associated Papillomaviruses in Animals: Focusing on Bos taurus Papillomaviruses. Pathogens 2020 Nov 27;9(12).
- Pietersen I, van Zyl A, Rybicki E, Hitzeroth I. Novel Production of Bovine Papillomavirus Pseudovirions in Tobacco Plants. Pathogens 2020 Nov 28;9(12).
- De Falco F, Cutarelli A, Pellicanò R, Brandt S, Roperto S. Molecular Detection and Quantification of Ovine Papillomavirus DNA in Equine Sarcoid. Transbound Emerg Dis 2024;2024:6453158.
- Abdul-Zahra HH, Khudhair YI, Al-Hraishawi HR. Molecular Analysis and Bioinformatics Assessment of Full-Length L1 Gene of Bovine Papillomavirus Type-1 as a Potential DNA Vaccine Study. Vet Med Int 2025;2025:6785087.
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