Practical Considerations in Trace Element Analysis of Bone by Portable X-ray Fluorescence.

The research article discusses the practical applications and certain limitations of using Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) in trace elemental analysis of bone, particularly in forensic anthropology. It demonstrates that pXRF is a reliable, nondestructive analysis tool, but certain factors, such as X-ray penetration and surface changes, must be considered for accurate results.

Objective of the Research

• The primary goal of this study was to explore the use of Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) in forensic anthropology, specifically for nondestructive analysis of skeletal remains.
• The study aimed to determine the correlation between an element’s X-ray emission energy and the depth of reading. It also sought to identify potential changes in XRF readings based on diagenesis or changes in bone structure over time.

Research Methodology

• Analytical depth was gauged by examining pure elements through varying thicknesses of equine bone slices.
• Bone surfaces from an unidentified historical cemetery were studied before and after the periosteal surface was sanded to observe potential changes in XRF readings due to diagenesis.

Results of the Study

• Results indicated a correlation between the element’s X-ray emission energy and the depth of reading.
• The study also observed changes in XRF readings after sanding the periosteal surface of the bone, suggesting that changes in the bone structure over time may affect readings.
• The outcomes reinforced the pXRF device as a useful tool for nondestructive element analysis of skeletal remains in varying settings or for differently sized specimens.

Conclusions and Limitations

• The research affirmed the contribution of pXRF devices in forensic anthropology, while emphasizing the necessity for understanding associated factors like X-ray penetration and exit depth.
• Despite the positive evaluations, the study also acknowledged limitations in the use of pXRF for osseous material analysis and suggested further consideration and research.