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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Pre-Ride Biomarkers and Endurance Horse Welfare: Analyzing t...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(10); 1670; doi: 10.3390/ani13101670

Pre-Ride Biomarkers and Endurance Horse Welfare: Analyzing the Impact of the Elimination of Superoxide Dismutase, δ-Aminolevulinic-Dehydratase, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Iron, and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Elite 160 km Endurance Rides.

Abstract: High elimination rates and concerns for horse welfare are important issues in endurance riding. Improved understanding of the causes of elimination could increase completion rates in this sport. We have identified pre-ride laboratory risk factors that enable an assessment of potential elimination before the ride. A longitudinal cohort study was performed among 49 healthy horses competing in the 160 km endurance ride at the 2016 World Championship of Endurance Riding in Samorin/Slovakia. Blood samples were taken before the event. For statistical evaluation, horses were categorized into three groups: finishers, lame horses, and metabolically eliminated horses. Risk factors were calculated for each group using multinominal logistic regression. δ-Aminolevulinic-dehydratase (ALAD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), iron, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured and did not show an impact on the race outcome, but elevated pre-ride superoxide dismutase (SOD) was shown to have an effect on lameness elimination ( = 0.011). It might serve as an indicator for withdrawing horses at risk of later elimination before endurance rides, ultimately resulting in lower elimination rates and an increase in overall horse welfare.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-17 PubMed ID: 37238102PubMed Central: PMC10215937DOI: 10.3390/ani13101670Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates risk factors that can predict horse performance in endurance rides, in order to contribute to horse welfare. It found that raised levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the horse’s blood before the ride might increase the chance of the horse being eliminated due to lameness.

Study Design and Participants

  • The research involved a longitudinal cohort study carried out on 49 healthy horses. These horses competed in the 160km endurance ride in the 2016 World Championships of Endurance Riding held in Samorin/Slovakia.
  • Blood samples were taken before the event and analyzed for an assortment of identified risk factors.

Categories and Risk Factors

  • For the purpose of this study, the horses were classified into three groups: finishers (those who completed the ride), lame horses (those eliminated due to lameness), and metabolically eliminated horses (those withdrawn out of concern for their metabolic health).
  • A range of potential risk factors – δ-aminolevulinic-dehydratase (ALAD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), iron, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured from the pre-ride blood samples.
  • Multinomial logistic regression was used for calculating the risk factors for each group.

Findings and Implications

  • The study findings indicate that the pre-ride level of SOD in the blood could significantly affect the chances of a horse being eliminated due to lameness.
  • Other risk factors such as ALAD, TBARSs, iron, and SAA did not appear to influence the outcome of the race.
  • In their quest to enhance horse welfare and reduce elimination rates in endurance riding, the researchers suggest that horses exhibiting elevated pre-ride SOD could potentially be withdrawn from the event before it starts, thus avoiding the risk of later elimination.

Cite This Article

APA
Bollinger L, Bartel A, Weber C, Gehlen H. (2023). Pre-Ride Biomarkers and Endurance Horse Welfare: Analyzing the Impact of the Elimination of Superoxide Dismutase, δ-Aminolevulinic-Dehydratase, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Iron, and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Elite 160 km Endurance Rides. Animals (Basel), 13(10), 1670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101670

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 10
PII: 1670

Researcher Affiliations

Bollinger, Lena
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14193 Berlin, Germany.
Bartel, Alexander
  • Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Weber, Corinna
  • Laboklin Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Steubenstrasse 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14193 Berlin, Germany.

Grant Funding

  • 8519 / Crowdfunding via sciencestarter https://www.startnext.com/en/ endurancehorses
  • 3000 / Schaumann Stiftung
  • 500 / Verein deutscher Distanzeriter (VDD)
  • Lab pipettes / Sartorius Lab Instruments GmbH & Co. KG:
  • Laboratory machines like Vetscan2 and 2 Scil Vet ABC / Scil animal care company
  • Vacutainer tubes / B. Braun Melsungen AG
  • two centrifuges / Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co. KG
  • articles of daily use such as swabs, alcohol, needles, one Abaxis VetScan2 machine and a Vet ABC lab machine, hygine articels of daiy use / Prosaani GmbH

Conflict of Interest Statement

C.W. was employed by the company Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG while working on this study. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Kiełbik P, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. Iron Status in Sport Horses: Is It Important for Equine Athletes?. Int J Mol Sci 2025 Jun 12;26(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms26125653pubmed: 40565115google scholar: lookup
  2. Giers J, Bartel A, Kirsch K, Müller SF, Horstmann S, Gehlen H. Blood-based assessment of oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine and metabolic adaptations in eventing horses accounting for plasma volume shift after exercise. Vet Med Sci 2024 May;10(3):e1409.
    doi: 10.1002/vms3.1409pubmed: 38516822google scholar: lookup
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