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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet J / Preliminary evaluation of diagnostic tests using horses expe...
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)2001; 161(3); 287-300; doi: 10.1053/tvjl.2000.0560

Preliminary evaluation of diagnostic tests using horses experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi.

Abstract: Seven surra negative horses were intravenously inoculated with 3 x 10(6)Trypanosoma evansi parasites derived from a camel. One horse was maintained as an uninfected negative control. Three antigen and three antibody detection tests were evaluated for diagnosis of infection in horses. The microhaematocrit centrifugation test (MHCT) was the most sensitive, first detecting parasites between one and three days (x 2.4) post infection (p.i.). The antigen (ag)-ELISA detected antigen between three and ten days (x 6.6) p.i. The latex agglutination test (LAT) first gave positive results on day 3 (x 3.0) p.i. Following the treatment of horses with trypanocidal drugs, the MCHT and the mouse inoculation test (MIT) became negative. Antigen levels using LAT declined and reached pre-infection levels in five out of six horses during the period of observation (92-279 days). Antigen levels using the ag-ELISA declined as well but did not reach pre-infection levels in any of the six horses.Three antibody detection techniques, ab-ELISA, card agglutination test (CATT), and immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) detected antibodies in the blood of all seven infected horses but not in the uninfected control. However, the ab-ELISA did not discriminate clearly between sera from infected and uninfected horses because unacceptably high ELISA background readings were detected in 15% of the surra negative horses shipped to the UAE from the UK. The ELISA antibody increased above pre-infection levels in the six horses experimentally infected, but not in one horse. In this horse the ELISA antibody level exceeded the cut-off level only after the reoccurrence of the T. evansi infection. The IFAT detected antibodies 15.7 days p.i. in all infected horses.
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Publication Date: 2001-05-16 PubMed ID: 11352486DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.2000.0560Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Evaluation Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research tested the effectiveness of different techniques in diagnosing infection by Trypanosoma evansi, a parasitic microorganism, in horses. The microhaematocrit centrifugation test was found to be the most sensitive diagnostic test, but all methods showed some promise.

Objective and Methodology

  • The research aimed at assessing the applicability and viability of three antigen and three antibody detection tests for diagnosing infection in horses by a parasite called Trypanosoma evansi. These parasites primarily affect animals and can cause severe health issues.
  • In the study, seven horses that did not have the infection (surra negative) were deliberately infected with Trypanosoma evansi. An eighth horse was kept uninfected as a control.

Findings

  • The research found that the microhaematocrit centrifugation test (MHCT) was most sensitive. It was able to detect the parasites between one and three days after infection.
  • The antigen-ELISA test, which checks for the presence of particular proteins induced by the parasite, detected antigen between three to ten days post-infection.
  • The latex agglutination test (LAT) gave positive results from day 3 onwards.
  • After the horses were treated with trypanocidal drugs, two tests, the MHCT and the mouse inoculation test (MIT), returned negative results indicating the effectiveness of the medication.
  • The antigen levels, as checked by the LAT and antigen-ELISA declined over time. For the LAT, it reached pre-infection levels in five out of six horses during the observation period (92–279 days).
  • Regarding the antibody detection techniques, these are used to measure the immune response to the infection. All three tests evaluated (ab-ELISA, card agglutination test (CATT), and immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)) detected antibodies in the blood in all seven infected horses but not in the uninfected control.
  • However, the ab-ELISA did not clearly distinguish between infected and uninfected horses: 15% of the non-infected horses (shipped from the UK to the UAE) exhibited false positive results.
  • The ab-ELISA antibody levels increased above pre-infection in six of the horses, and only when the infection reoccurred in the seventh horse.
  • The IFAT detected antibodies 15.7 days post-infection in all infected horses.

Significance of the Study

  • This research provides valuable insights into various diagnostic methods for Trypanosoma evansi in horses. It sheds light on the sensitivity and reliability of different detection tests including microhaematocrit centrifugation test, antigen-ELISA, latex agglutination, and others.
  • The study’s findings could assist in identifying superior diagnostic methods for early detection and treatment of Trypanosoma evansi in horses, contributing to improved animal health management.

Cite This Article

APA
Wernery U, Zachariah R, Mumford JA, Luckins T. (2001). Preliminary evaluation of diagnostic tests using horses experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. Vet J, 161(3), 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.2000.0560

Publication

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
ISSN: 1090-0233
NlmUniqueID: 9706281
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 161
Issue: 3
Pages: 287-300

Researcher Affiliations

Wernery, U
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. microbio@emirates.net.ae
Zachariah, R
    Mumford, J A
      Luckins, T

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
        • Antigens, Protozoan / blood
        • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
        • Female
        • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
        • Horses
        • Male
        • Mice
        • Predictive Value of Tests
        • Sensitivity and Specificity
        • Time Factors
        • Trypanosoma / immunology
        • Trypanosoma / isolation & purification
        • Trypanosomiasis / diagnosis
        • Trypanosomiasis / veterinary

        Citations

        This article has been cited 10 times.
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          doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05352-1pubmed: 35761373google scholar: lookup
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        3. Camoin M, Kocher A, Chalermwong P, Yangtarra S, Kamyingkird K, Jittapalapong S, Desquesnes M. The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand.. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:2964639.
          doi: 10.1155/2019/2964639pubmed: 31886196google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-5982-8pubmed: 29943319google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1007/s12639-015-0661-5pubmed: 27876900google scholar: lookup
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        8. Desquesnes M, Holzmuller P, Lai DH, Dargantes A, Lun ZR, Jittaplapong S. Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects.. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:194176.
          doi: 10.1155/2013/194176pubmed: 24024184google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1007/s11250-012-0232-zpubmed: 22836485google scholar: lookup
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