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Journal of clinical microbiology2006; 44(12); 4444-4454; doi: 10.1128/JCM.00868-06

Presence of new mecA and mph(C) variants conferring antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the skin of horses before and after clinic admission.

Abstract: Because of the frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus species often represent a challenge in incisional infections of horses undergoing colic surgery. To investigate the evolution of antibiotic resistance patterns before and after preventative peri- and postoperative penicillin treatment, staphylococci were isolated from skin and wound samples at different times during hospitalization. Most staphylococci were normal skin commensals and belonged to the common coagulase-negative group. In some cases they turned out to be opportunistic pathogens present in wound infections. MICs were determined for 12 antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes were detected by microarray. At hospital admission, horses harbored staphylococci that were susceptible to antibiotics or resistant to one group of drugs, mainly due to the presence of new variants of the methicillin and macrolide resistance genes mecA and mph(C), respectively. After 3 days, the percentage of Staphylococcus isolates displaying antibiotic resistance, as well as the number of resistance genes per isolate, increased moderately in hospitalized horses without surgery or penicillin treatment but dramatically in hospitalized horses after colic surgery as well as penicillin treatment. Staphylococcus species displaying multiple resistance were found to harbor mainly genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams (mecA and blaZ), aminoglycosides [str and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia], and trimethoprim [dfr(A) and dfr(D)]. Additional genes conferring resistance to macrolides [mph(C), erm(C), and erm(B)], tetracycline [tet(K) and tet(M)], chloramphenicol [cat(pC221) and cat(pC223)], and streptothricin (sat4) appeared in several strains. Hospitalization and preventive penicillin use were shown to act as selection agents for multidrug-resistant commensal staphylococcal flora.
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Publication Date: 2006-09-27 PubMed ID: 17005735PubMed Central: PMC1698435DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00868-06Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus species found on horses’ skin before and after admission to a clinic for colic surgery. The study found that hospitalization and preventative penicillin treatment could be linked to increased resistance to multiple drugs in staphylococcal organisms commonly found on the skin.

Overview of Study and Methods

  • Staphylococcus, a common bacterial species, is often present on the skin of horses. The research focuses on how these bacteria evolve their resistance to antibiotics before and after horses are admitted to a clinic for colic surgery.
  • Staphylococcus colonies were gathered from skin and wound samples at different times during the horse’s stay in the clinic.
  • Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were calculated for twelve different antibiotics, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes was identified via a Microarray (a laboratory tool used to detect the presence of certain genetic material).

Findings Before Clinic Admission

  • At the time of admission to the clinic, the horses’ skin-flora staphylococci were either susceptible to antibiotics or resistant to one group of drugs. The resistance was generally related to the presence of new variants of the mecA and mph(C) genes, which give resistance to methicillin and macrolide antibiotics respectively.

Findings After Clinic Admission and Treatment

  • As the treatment proceeded, a moderate increase in antibiotic resistance was observed in horses that were hospitalized but did not undergo surgery or receive penicillin therapy. However, significant resistance was noted in the Staphylococcus species from horses that did undergo surgery and were given penicillin therapy.
  • Post-treatment Staphylococcus species exhibited multi-drug resistance. In these species, the major genes that conferred resistance to antibiotics were those that conferred resistance to beta-lactams (mecA and blaZ), aminoglycosides [str and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia], and trimethoprim [dfr(A) and dfr(D)].
  • Additionally, genes imparting resistance to other classes of antibiotics including macrolides [mph(C), erm(C), and erm(B)], tetracycline [tet(K) and tet(M)], chloramphenicol [cat(pC221) and cat(pC223)], and streptothricin (sat4) were also found in several strains.

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that hospitalization and the use of preventative penicillin contribute to the selection of multi-drug resistant strains. This highlights the impact that medical interventions can have on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria like Staphylococcus.

Cite This Article

APA
Schnellmann C, Gerber V, Rossano A, Jaquier V, Panchaud Y, Doherr MG, Thomann A, Straub R, Perreten V. (2006). Presence of new mecA and mph(C) variants conferring antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the skin of horses before and after clinic admission. J Clin Microbiol, 44(12), 4444-4454. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00868-06

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 0095-1137
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 12
Pages: 4444-4454

Researcher Affiliations

Schnellmann, Christina
  • Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Länggass-Strasse 122, Postfach, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
Gerber, Vinzenz
    Rossano, Alexandra
      Jaquier, Valentine
        Panchaud, Yann
          Doherr, Marcus G
            Thomann, Andreas
              Straub, Reto
                Perreten, Vincent

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Animals
                  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
                  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis
                  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
                  • Coagulase / biosynthesis
                  • DNA, Bacterial / analysis
                  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
                  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial / genetics
                  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
                  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
                  • Horses
                  • Hospitalization
                  • Hospitals, Animal
                  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
                  • Molecular Sequence Data
                  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
                  • Penicillin-Binding Proteins
                  • Penicillins / therapeutic use
                  • Skin / microbiology
                  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
                  • Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary
                  • Staphylococcal Skin Infections / microbiology
                  • Staphylococcal Skin Infections / veterinary
                  • Staphylococcus / drug effects
                  • Staphylococcus / genetics
                  • Staphylococcus / isolation & purification
                  • Surgical Wound Infection / microbiology
                  • Surgical Wound Infection / veterinary

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