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International journal of antimicrobial agents2007; 30(2); 134-142; doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.013

Prevalence, distribution and characterisation of ceftiofur resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from animals in the USA from 1999 to 2003.

Abstract: Third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) antimicrobials are the drugs of choice for treatment of salmonellosis in children. Salmonella isolated in the USA are assayed by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for resistance to antimicrobials including first-, second- and third-generation cephalosporins. From 1999 to 2003, 34,411 Salmonella were isolated from animals in the USA, of which 10.9% were found to be resistant to ceftiofur, a 3GC used in animals, whilst only 0.3% were resistant to ceftriaxone, a 3GC used in human medicine. Ceftiofur resistance rose from 4.0% in 1999 to 18.8% in 2003. Isolates from diagnostic laboratories had higher levels of resistance (18.5%), whereas levels in isolates from on-farm (3.4%) and slaughter (7.1%) sources were lower. Animals with a higher than average proportion of resistant Salmonella included cattle (17.6%), horses (19.2%) and dogs (20.8%). Levels in turkeys (6.8%), chickens (7.1%), eggs (3.6%) and swine (4.6%) were lower. Resistance varied between Salmonella serotypes. A few serotypes had significantly high levels, e.g. S. Newport was 70.4% ceftiofur resistant. Resistance was predominantly associated with bla(CMY-2)-encoding plasmids. These data suggest that the acquisition of resistance plasmids and the spread of specific serotypes harbouring these plasmids are driving the observed resistance to ceftiofur in Salmonella animal isolates.
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Publication Date: 2007-05-24 PubMed ID: 17531447DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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This research explores the occurrence and spread of ceftiofur resistance in Salmonella enterica from animals in the USA between 1999 and 2003. It finds that approximately 11% of the bacteria samples were resistant to ceftiofur, an antibiotic used in animals, with certain animals and Salmonella types showing a high frequency of resistance.

Introduction and Methods

  • The research explores the resistance of Salmonella enterica to third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) antimicrobials, specifically ceftiofur, which are the preferred drugs for treating salmonellosis in children.
  • This investigation was conducted using data collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in the USA, which keeps track of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens.
  • From 1999 to 2003, NARMS collected and analyzed 34,411 Salmonella isolates from different animal species.

Results

  • The results showed that 10.9% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, compared to only 0.3% showing resistance to ceftriaxone, another 3GC used in human medicine.
  • The prevalence of ceftiofur resistance among Salmonella isolates climbed from 4.0% in 1999 to 18.8% in 2003.
  • The degree of resistance varied with the type of source. Diagnostic laboratories showed the highest levels of resistance (18.5%), while on-farm (3.4%) and slaughter sources (7.1%) showed lower levels of resistance.
  • The resistance also varied among different animals. Higher than average proportions of resistant Salmonella were found in cattle (17.6%), horses (19.2%), and dogs (20.8%), while lower levels were found in turkeys (6.8%), chickens (7.1%), eggs (3.6%) and swine (4.6%).
  • There were also differences in resistance among Salmonella serotypes. For instance, Salmonella Newport had a significantly high level of resistance at 70.4%.

Conclusions

  • Ceftiofur resistance was predominantly associated with the bla(CMY-2)-encoding plasmids. Plasmids are small bits of DNA that bacteria can acquire and pass on, often carrying resistance genes.
  • The high levels of resistance to ceftiofur in certain serotypes and the spread of resistant plasmids have likely contributed to the growing resistance to ceftiofur seen in the Salmonella isolates.

Cite This Article

APA
Frye JG, Fedorka-Cray PJ. (2007). Prevalence, distribution and characterisation of ceftiofur resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from animals in the USA from 1999 to 2003. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 30(2), 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.013

Publication

International journal of antimicrobial agents
ISSN: 0924-8579
NlmUniqueID: 9111860
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Pages: 134-142

Researcher Affiliations

Frye, Jonathan G
  • Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Fedorka-Cray, Paula J

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
    • Cephalosporin Resistance
    • Cephalosporins / pharmacology
    • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
    • Humans
    • Plasmids
    • Prevalence
    • Salmonella Food Poisoning / microbiology
    • Salmonella Infections, Animal / diagnosis
    • Salmonella Infections, Animal / epidemiology
    • Salmonella Infections, Animal / microbiology
    • Salmonella enterica / classification
    • Salmonella enterica / drug effects
    • Salmonella enterica / isolation & purification
    • Serotyping
    • United States

    Citations

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