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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Clin Microbiol / Prevalence of beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in hor...
Journal of clinical microbiology1999; 37(2); 358-361; doi: 10.1128/JCM.37.2.358-361.1999

Prevalence of beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in horses with intestinal disorders.

Abstract: The incidence of a new, yet unassigned toxin type of Clostridium perfringens containing the genes for the alpha-toxin and the recently described beta2-toxin in horses with intestinal disorders is reported. The study included 18 horses suffering from typical typhlocolitis, 7 horses with atypical typhlocolitis, 16 horses with other intestinal disorders, and 58 horses without intestinal disease. In total, 20 samples of ingesta of the small and large intestines, five biopsy specimens of the intestinal wall, and 74 fecal samples were analyzed bacteriologically. C. perfringens isolates were typed for the presence of the alpha-, beta-, beta2-, and epsilon-toxin and enterotoxin genes by PCR, including a newly developed PCR for the detection of the beta2-toxin gene cpb2. beta2-Toxigenic C. perfringens was detected in samples from 13 of 25 (52%) horses with typical or atypical typhlocolitis, with a particularly high incidence in specimens of ingesta and biopsy specimens (75%), whereas only 6 of 16 specimens from horses with other intestinal diseases yielded beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens. No beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens was found in the samples from the 58 control horses, of which only one fecal sample contained C. perfringens type A. Among the samples from the 15 horses with fatal cases of typical and atypical typhlocolitis 9 (60%) were positive for beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens, whereas samples from only 4 of the 10 (40%) animals with nonfatal cases of infection were positive. We found an interesting correlation between the antibiotic-treated horses which were positive for beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens and lethal progression of the disease. No C. perfringens strains isolated in this study contained genes for the beta- and epsilon-toxins and enterotoxin. The high incidence of beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens in samples of ingesta, biopsy specimens of the intestinal wall, and feces from horses suffering or dying from typhlocolitis together with the absence of this organism in healthy horses provides strong evidence that beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens play an important role in the pathogenesis of typhlocolitis.
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Publication Date: 1999-01-16 PubMed ID: 9889218PubMed Central: PMC84307DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.2.358-361.1999Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the contribution of beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens, a type of bacteria, in horses suffering from intestinal disorders. Most notably they recognized a higher prevalence of these bacteria in horses with typhlocolitis (a condition causing inflammation of the cecum or colon) and distinct correlations with fatal disease progression.

Study Methods and Participants

  • The study sampled 18 horses with typical typhlocolitis, 7 horses with atypical typhlocolitis, 16 horses with other intestinal disorders, and 58 horses with no intestinal disease. Samples were obtained from the ingesta of the small and large intestines, biopsy specimens of the intestinal wall, and feces.
  • Clostridium perfringens isolates in the samples were identified and typed based on the genetic presence of the alpha, beta, beta2, and epsilon toxins and enterotoxin. This typing relied mainly on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods, including a newly developed PCR for the detection of the beta2-toxin gene.

Key Findings

  • The researchers found beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens bacteria in 52% of horses with typhlocolitis, with a 75% incidence in the ingesta samples and biopsy specimens from these horses.
  • Comparatively, fewer cases were found in horses suffering from other intestinal disorders, and none in the control group of healthy horses. This provides a strong link between the beta2-toxigenic variant of this bacteria and the onset of typhlocolitis.
  • The researchers also observed that 60% of fatal cases of typhlocolitis tested positive for beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens. An association was noted between antibiotic-treated horses that were positive for beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens and deadly outcomes of the disease.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The elevated incidence of beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in horses with typhlocolitis and the absence of this bacterium in healthy horses propose a significant role of these bacteria in the development of this disease.
  • The study did not find the genes of other common toxins (beta and epsilon) and enterotoxin in the Clostridium perfringens strains that were isolated, making the beta2-toxigenic variant a specific concern for typhlocolitis in horses.
  • The correlation between antibiotic-treated horses testing positive for beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens and fatal disease progression suggests that particular attention may be needed in the clinical management of these cases.

Cite This Article

APA
Herholz C, Miserez R, Nicolet J, Frey J, Popoff M, Gibert M, Gerber H, Straub R. (1999). Prevalence of beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in horses with intestinal disorders. J Clin Microbiol, 37(2), 358-361. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.37.2.358-361.1999

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 0095-1137
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 2
Pages: 358-361

Researcher Affiliations

Herholz, C
  • Department of Equine Internal Medicine, Berne, Switzerland.
Miserez, R
    Nicolet, J
      Frey, J
        Popoff, M
          Gibert, M
            Gerber, H
              Straub, R

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Bacterial Toxins / biosynthesis
                • Bacterial Toxins / genetics
                • Calcium-Binding Proteins
                • Clostridium Infections / epidemiology
                • Clostridium Infections / pathology
                • Clostridium Infections / veterinary
                • Clostridium perfringens / classification
                • Clostridium perfringens / genetics
                • Clostridium perfringens / isolation & purification
                • Clostridium perfringens / metabolism
                • Colitis / microbiology
                • Colitis / pathology
                • Colitis / veterinary
                • Enterotoxins / classification
                • Enterotoxins / genetics
                • Feces / microbiology
                • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                • Horse Diseases / microbiology
                • Horses
                • Intestinal Diseases / veterinary
                • Intestines / microbiology
                • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
                • Type C Phospholipases / biosynthesis
                • Type C Phospholipases / genetics

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