FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Equine veterinary journal2022; 55(1); 78-82; doi: 10.1111/evj.13571

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Horses from communities of the Mapuche native people, Araucanía Region, Chile.

Abstract: There are no studies of potential zoonotic diseases in Mapuche communities' horses. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in horses of the Mapuche communities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: Faecal samples from 100 randomly selected horses (n = 100) were taken from rural Mapuche communities from four municipalities from the Araucanía Region. These samples were processed with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and grouped by sex, age and municipality. Results: The general prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 67.0% (n = 67). The prevalence was 51.0% (n = 51) in males and 49.0% (n = 49) in females, and there is no gender association to the presentation of Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence by municipality was 60.0%, 80.0%, 64.0% and 64.0% in Curarrehue, Lonquimay, Padre las Casas and Teodoro Schmidt, respectively. The above shows no significant association between the sector and the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence by age was 95.4% of horses tested positive for Cryptosporidium between birth and 6 years of age. About 27.3% of horses were tested positive in the age group between 7 and 10 years. There was no presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the age group older than 11 years, showing a significant relationship between the age of the animal and the presence of Cryptosporidium (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusions: The sample analysis did not specifically identify the type of Cryptosporidium, and it was not possible to evaluate the zoonotic risk in the Mapuche communities. Conclusions: Cryptosporidium spp. is present in working horses in Mapuche communities, with a 67.7% general prevalence, and there is a significant association between this parasite and the age of the horses, being higher in the age group between 0 and 6 years, with a prevalence of 95.4%. There may be a potential zoonotic risk in the Mapuche communities. Unassigned: No hay estudios sobre enfermedades potencialmente zoonoticas en caballos de las comunidades Mapuche. Objective: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium en caballos de las comunidades Mapuche. DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Estudio transversal. MÉTODOS: Muestras fecales de cien caballos (n = 100) seleccionados al azar, fueron recolectadas en comunidades Mapuche de cuatro municipalidades de la Región de la Araucanía. Estas muestras fueron procesadas con la técnica de tinción Ziehl-Neelzen modificada y agrupadas por sexo, edad y municipalidad. Results: La prevalencia general de Cryptosporidium spp fue de 67.0% (n = 67). La prevalencia fue 51.0% (n = 51) en machos y 49.0% (n = 49) en hembras, y no hay asociación de genero con la presentación de Cryptosporidium spp. La prevalencia por municipalidad fue de 60.0%, 80.0%, 64.0%, 64.0% en Curarrehue, Lonquimay, Padre las Casas y Teodoro Schmidt respectivamente. Lo presentado arriba muestra ninguna asociación significativa entre el sector y la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp. La prevalencia por edad fue de 95.4% en caballos que resultaron ser positivos a Cryptosporidium entre nacimiento y seis años de edad. 27.3% resultaron ser positivos entre siete y diez años. No hubo presencia de Cryptosporidium spp en el grupo mas grande de caballos mayores a once años, mostrando una relación significativa entre la edad del animal y la presencia de Cryptosporidium (P < 0.05). Unassigned: El análisis de muestras no fue especifico para poder identificar el tipo de Cryptosporidium, y no fue posible evaluar el riesgo zoonotico en la comunidades Mapuche. Conclusions: Los resultados de este estudio concluyeron que existe la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp en caballos de trabajo en las comunidades Mapuche; con un 67.0% de prevalencia, y que hay una asociación significativa entre este parasito y la edad de los caballos, siendo mayor en el grupo etario entre 0 y 6 años, con una prevalencia de 95.4%. Estos resultados pueden inferir que podría haber un riesgo zoonotico potencial en las comunidades Mapuche.
© 2022 EVJ Ltd.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-04-01 PubMed ID: 35253261DOI: 10.1111/evj.13571Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper studies the prevalence of Cryptosporidium, a parasitic infection, in horses belonging to the Mapuche communities in Chile. The findings suggest a widespread presence of Cryptosporidium with suggestive potential for zoonotic transmission.

Objective of the Study

  • The focus of this study was to assess the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in horses of the Mapuche communities, as there had previously been no studies exploring potential zoonotic diseases in these equine populations.

Methods Used in the Study

  • A cross-sectional study design was implemented.
  • Faecal samples were collected from 100 randomly selected horses from four municipalities in the Araucanía Region.
  • The samples were processed using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, a method specifically used to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium parasites.
  • The data was then categorized based on sex, age, and municipality of the animals.

Findings of the Study

  • The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was found to be 67.0%.
  • There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium observed between male horses (51.0%) and female horses (49.0%).
  • No significant association was found between Cryptosporidium prevalence and the geographical location (municipalities).
  • The prevalence of Cryptosporidium by age group was the highest in horses between birth and 6 years of age (95.4%), it was 27.3% in horses aged 7 to 10 years, and there was no presence of Cryptosporidium in horses older than 11 years. This indicated a significant association between the age of the animal and the prevalence of Cryptosporidium.

Conclusion of the Study

  • The research indicates a high prevalence of Cryptosporidium in horses within these Mapuche communities, particularly in horses aged 6 years and below.
  • The type of Cryptosporidium present could not be determined from the sample analysis. This made it challenging to assess the potential zoonotic risk within the Mapuche communities.
  • Despite this limitation, the researchers concluded that there is a potential zoonotic risk within these communities given the significant levels of Cryptosporidium in the local horse population.

Cite This Article

APA
Tuemmers C, Fellenberg C, Pérez EJ, Paillaqueo J. (2022). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Horses from communities of the Mapuche native people, Araucanía Region, Chile. Equine Vet J, 55(1), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13571

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 1
Pages: 78-82

Researcher Affiliations

Tuemmers, Christian
  • Veterinary Science and Public Health Department, Natural Resources Faculty, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Fellenberg, Constanza
  • Veterinary Science and Public Health Department, Natural Resources Faculty, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Pérez, Eugenio J
  • Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Paillaqueo, Javier
  • Veterinary Science and Public Health Department, Natural Resources Faculty, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile.

MeSH Terms

  • Male
  • Female
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Cryptosporidiosis / epidemiology
  • Cryptosporidiosis / parasitology
  • Prevalence
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Chile / epidemiology
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Indigenous Peoples

Grant Funding

  • 00000 / AITUE fundation

References

This article includes 31 references
  1. Ryan U, Zahedi A, Paparini A. Cryptosporidium in humans and animals a one health approach to prophylaxis. Parasite Immunol 2016;38:535-47.
    doi: 10.1111/pim.12350google scholar: lookup
  2. Tuemmers C, Mora C, Quezada G, Saldivia A, Venegas O. Evaluación de parámetros de bienestar animal en equinos de tiro de comunidades indígenas Mapuche en la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. Rev Investig Vet Perú 2019;30(2):569-79.
    doi: 10.15381/rivep.v30i2.15089google scholar: lookup
  3. Del Campillo C, Rojo M, Martínez F, Sánchez A, Hernández C, Navarrete S, et al. Veterinaria. Ed. Mc Graw-Hill, Interamericana. Madrid, España. 1999;70.
  4. Guérin A, Stiepen B. The biology of the intestinal intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium. Cell Host Microbe 2020;28(4):509-15.
    doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.09.007google scholar: lookup
  5. De la Parte-Pérez MA, Bruzual E, Brito A, María del Pilar H. Cryptosporidium spp. y Criptosporidiosis. Rev Soc Ven Microbiol 2005;25(1):06-14.
  6. Fayer R, Xiao L. Molecular characterization of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission. Int J Parasitol 2008;38:1239-55.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.006google scholar: lookup
  7. Bouzid M, Hunter PR, Chalmers RM, Tyler KM. Cryptosporidium pathogenicity and virulence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013;26:115-34.
  8. Certad G, Viscogliosi E, Chabé M, Cacciò SM. Pathogenic mechanisms of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Trends Parasitol 2017;33(7):561-76.
    doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.006google scholar: lookup
  9. Cacciò SM, Chalmers RM. Human cryptosporidiosis in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016;22(6):471-80.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.04.021google scholar: lookup
  10. Del Coco VF, Córdoba MA, Basualdo JA. Criptosporidiosis: una zoonosis emergente. Rev Argent Microbiol 2009;41(3):185-96.
  11. Samadder SR, Ziegler P, Murphy TM, Holden NM. Spatial distribution of risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. transport in an Irish catchment. Water Environ Res 2010;82(8):750-8.
    doi: 10.2175/106143010x12609736966649google scholar: lookup
  12. Fayer R, Trout JM, Jenkins MC. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts stored in water at environmental temperatures. J Parasitol 1998;84(6):1165-9.
  13. Neira P. Acerca de Cryptosporidium spp en Chile. Rev Med Chil 2005;133:847-9.
    doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872005000700014google scholar: lookup
  14. Zahedi A, Ryan U, Rawlings V, Greay T, Hancock S, Bruce M. Cryptosporidium and Giardia in dam water on sheep farms - an important source of transmission?. Vet Parasitol 2020;228:.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109281google scholar: lookup
  15. Chen XM, Keithly J, Paya C, Larusson N. Cryptosporidiosis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1287.
    doi: 10.1056/nejm200210173471622google scholar: lookup
  16. Peña A, Abarca K, Weitzel T, Gallegos J, Cerda J, García P. One health in practice: a Pilot Project for integrated care of zoonotic infections in immunocompromised children and their pets in Chile. Zoonoses Public Hlth 2016;63:403-9.
    doi: 10.1111/zph.12241google scholar: lookup
  17. Neira O, Muñoz N, Rosales MJ. Infección por Cryptosporidium parvum en una mujer embarazada, inmunocompetente, con riesgo ocupacional. Rev Chilena Infectol 2010;27:345-9.
    doi: 10.4067/s0716-10182010000500011google scholar: lookup
  18. Toscan G, Pereira R, Vogel F, Sangioni L. Cryptosporidium spp. in traction horses in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2010;62:211-3.
    doi: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000100029google scholar: lookup
  19. De Naranjo PJ, Rodríguez G, Rodríguez AJ, Caldas ML. La coloración de Ziehl-Neelsen en histopatología. Biomédica 1988;8(3-4):84-3.
    doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v8i3-4.1964google scholar: lookup
  20. Ocampo M, López T, González A, Copaira M. Prevalencia de cryptosporidium y eimeria en potrillos de carrera en la costa del departamento de Lima. Rev Investig Vet Perú 2000;11:99-105.
    doi: 10.15381/rivep.v11i2.7089google scholar: lookup
  21. Martínez-Barbabosa I, Gutiérrez M, Ruiz L, Fernández A, Gutiérrez E, Aguilar J. Detección de Cryptosporidium spp. y otros parásitos zoonóticos entéricos en perros domiciliados de la Ciudad de México. Arch Med Vet 2015;47:347-53.
    doi: 10.4067/s0301-732x2015000300012google scholar: lookup
  22. Putignani L, Menichella D. Global distribution, public health and clinical impact the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2010;7:1-39.
    doi: 10.1155/2010/753512google scholar: lookup
  23. De Souza PNB, Bomfim TCB, Huber F, Abboud LCS, Gomes RS. Natural infection by Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. and Eimeria leuckarti in three groups of equines with different handlings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2009;160(3-4):327-33.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.103google scholar: lookup
  24. Smith HV, Caccio SM, Cook N, Nichols R, Tait A. Cryptosporidium y Giardia como zoonosis transmitidas por alimentos. Parasitol Vet 2007;149:29-40.
  25. Reid A, Lymbery A, Ng J, Tweedle S, Ryan U. Identification of novel and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in marine fish. Vet Parasitol 2010;2010(168):190-5.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.015google scholar: lookup
  26. Ballweber LR, Panuska C, Huston CL, Vasilopulos R, Pharr GT, Mackin A. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with shedding of Cryptosporidium felis in domestic cats of Mississippi and Alabama. Vet Parasitol 2009;160(3-4):306-10.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.018google scholar: lookup
  27. Li F, Su J, Chahan B, Guo Q, Wang T, Yu Z. Different distribution of Cryptosporidium species between horses and donkeys. Infect Genet Evol 2019;75:103954.
    doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103954google scholar: lookup
  28. Molina R, Mercado R, Fredes F. Importancia de la detección del protozoario zoonótico Cryptosporidium parvum en muestras de agua en Chile. Av Cienc Vet 2010;25:126-58.
    doi: 10.5354/0719-5273.2012.18294google scholar: lookup
  29. Vergara C, Quílez J. Criptospoidiosis: una zoonosis parasitaria. Rev MVZ Córdoba 2004;9(1):363-72.
    doi: 10.21897/rmvz.504google scholar: lookup
  30. Agüero S. Detección de Cryptosporidium spp en qeuinos (Equus caballus) de un centro ecuestre militar de la Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile; 2014. .
  31. Tzipori S, Widmer G. A hundred-year retrospective on cryptosporidiosis. Trends Parasitol 2008;24:184-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.01.002google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Baek S, Maloney JG, Molokin A, George NS, Cortés Vecino JA, Santin M. Diversity of Blastocystis Subtypes in Horses in Colombia and Identification of Two New Subtypes. Microorganisms 2022 Aug 24;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10091693pubmed: 36144295google scholar: lookup
  2. Salem SE, Abd El-Ghany AM, Elsheikh HA, Abdel-Ghany EM, Ras R. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in a working horse population in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023 Oct 18;55(6):361.
    doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03773-3pubmed: 37851181google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.