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Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 9; 1089999; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1089999

Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan.

Abstract: Ticks are ectoparasites that act as vectors for transmission of various pathogens to wild and domesticated animals and pose a serious threat to human health. Because of the hot and humid conditions in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, ticks are abundant and parasitize a variety of animals. The aim of this study was to identify different tick species and distribution on different hosts especially livestock, such as sheep, goat, cattle, buffalo, and camel, and livestock associated canines and equines, such as horse, donkey, and dog, across different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. The ticks samples were collected and morphologically identified at genus and species level using morphological keys under stereomicroscope. A total of 2,846 animals were examined for the tick infestation, and 408 animals were tick-infested. Eleven tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified: , and . The overall tick prevalence was 14.3%; host-wise infestation rate was 12.2% in sheep; 12.6%, goat; 11.7%, buffalo; 11.7%, cattle; 19.6%, camel; 27.4%, donkey; 23.5%, horse; and 24.3%, dog. Tick infestation of different animals differed on the basis of the zones. Camels showed the highest tick infestation rate in zones 1 and 2 (21.4 and 26.7%, respectively), whereas donkeys showed the highest infestation rate in zones 3, 4, 6, and 7 (25, 39.3, 3.3, and 21.4%, respectively). The infestation rates of and were the highest in zone 2 (71.4 and 52.9%, respectively). The infestation rate of was the highest (47.4%) in sheep; (46.9%), goat; (69.7%), buffalo; (62.3%), cattle; (70%), camel; (60.9%), donkey; (75%), horse; and (61.1%), dog. This study showed the diversity and infestation rate of different ticks with respect to their hosts and agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. High tick burdens and infestation rates are responsible for the spread of different tick-borne infections, resulting in loss of animal productivity and posing a threat to animal and human health. Understanding different tick species and their distribution across different zones will be helpful for developing efficient control strategies against different tick born infections.
Copyright © 2023 Hussain, Shabbir, Ahmed, Afzal, Ullah, Ali, Irum, Naqvi, Yin and Cao.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-06 PubMed ID: 36686198PubMed Central: PMC9853404DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1089999Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses a study conducted to identify and examine the prevalence and distribution of different tick species across various livestock and related animals in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan.

Identification of Tick Species and Distribution on Animal Hosts

  • The primary goal of this research was to identify the variety of tick species and observe their distribution on animal hosts such as livestock. The livestock studied included sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, and camels, along with livestock-associated equines and canines, which encompassed horses, donkeys, and dogs.
  • The team collected tick samples from these animals across different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, recognising them at genus and species level using morphological keys under a stereomicroscope.

Tick Infestation Prevalence

  • The researchers examined a total of 2,846 animals for tick infestation, finding that 408 of them were infested with ticks. In their findings, they discovered eleven different tick species from four specific genera.
  • The overall prevalence of tick infestation was found to be 14.3%. When evaluated host-wise, the infestation rate was 12.2% in sheep, 12.6% in goats, 11.7% in buffalo and cattle alike, 19.6% in camels, 27.4% in donkeys, 23.5% in horses, and 24.3% in dogs.

Geographical Variation in Tick Infestation

  • The study revealed that tick infestation in various animals differed based on the agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. In zones 1 and 2, camels exhibited the highest tick infestation rate (21.4% and 26.7%, respectively), while donkeys were the most infested in zones 3, 4, 6, and 7.
  • Additionally, two particular tick species showed the highest infestation rates in zone 2.

Implications of the Research

  • The researchers concluded that understanding the diversity and infestation rate of different ticks, and their distribution across different zones, could have significant implications for the development of efficient control strategies against various tick-borne infections.
  • The study has shown the high tick burdens and infestation rates are responsible for the spread of different tick-borne infections, causing a decrease in animal productivity and posing threats to animal and human health.

Cite This Article

APA
Hussain N, Shabbir RMK, Ahmed H, Afzal MS, Ullah S, Ali A, Irum S, Naqvi SK, Yin J, Cao J. (2023). Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1089999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1089999

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1089999
PII: 1089999

Researcher Affiliations

Hussain, Nazeer
  • Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Shabbir, Rana Muhammad Kamran
  • Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ahmed, Haroon
  • Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Afzal, Muhammad Sohail
  • Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ullah, Shafi
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Ali, Abid
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Irum, Shumaila
  • Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Naqvi, Syed Kamran-Ul-Hassan
  • Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Yin, Jianhai
  • National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.
  • Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.
  • World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Cao, Jianping
  • National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.
  • Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.
  • World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
  • The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Ullah S, Alouffi A, Almutairi MM, Islam N, Rehman G, Ul Islam Z, Ahmed H, Júnior IDSV, Labruna MB, Tanaka T, Ali A. First Report of Rickettsia conorii in Hyalomma kumari Ticks.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 27;13(9).
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