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The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research2008; 75(2); 153-161; doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v75i2.14

Prevalence of serotype specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa (1999-2004).

Abstract: Cohorts of yearlings were sampled over a period of 6 years in a retrospective serological survey to establish the annual prevalence of serotype specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus on Thoroughbred stud farms distributed within defined geographical regions of South Africa. Seasonal seroprevalence varied between 3.6% and 34.7%, revealing both single and multiple serotype infections in an individual yearling. During the course of this study serotypes 1 and 6 were most frequently and extensively identified while the remaining serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were all identified as sporadic and localized infections affecting only individual horses. This study of the seasonal prevalence of equine encephalosis virus has a corollary and serves as a useful model in the seasonal incidence of the serotypes of African horse sickness and bluetongue in regions where the respective diseases are endemic.
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Publication Date: 2008-09-16 PubMed ID: 18788209DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v75i2.14Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the prevalence of antibodies to equine encephalosis virus in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa from 1999-2004, indicating variations in infections both by time and location, with certain serotypes more common than others.

Study Overview

  • This study sought to establish the frequency of specific antibodies to the equine encephalosis virus (EEV) in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa.
  • EEV is an orbivirus that can cause mild to moderate fever, depression, and edema in equine species.
  • The research was carried out over a period of six years, where yearlings were sampled annually for serotype specific antibodies to EEV.

Methodology and Results

  • The study implemented a retrospective serological survey and focused on Thoroughbred stud farms in several distinct geographical regions in South Africa.
  • The rates of these antibodies varied from 3.6% to 34.7% each year, pointing to the occurrence of both single and multiple serotype infections.
  • Over the six-year period, serotypes 1 and 6 were the most common and widespread, while serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 were identified as infrequent and localized, affecting only specific horses.

Significance and Applications

  • This study sheds light on the regular presence of equine encephalosis virus in the Thoroughbred horse population in South Africa and the variation of infection by serotype and time.
  • The findings have important implications for the management and prevention of equine encephalosis virus, particularly in the featured geographic regions.
  • Also, the study serves as a model for understanding the seasonal occurrence of other orbiviruses such as African horse sickness and bluetongue in areas where these diseases are common.

Cite This Article

APA
Howell PG, Nurton JP, Nel D, Lourens CW, Guthrie AJ. (2008). Prevalence of serotype specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa (1999-2004). Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 75(2), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v75i2.14

Publication

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0030-2465
NlmUniqueID: 0401107
Country: South Africa
Language: English
Volume: 75
Issue: 2
Pages: 153-161

Researcher Affiliations

Howell, P G
  • Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
Nurton, Jane P
    Nel, Daleen
      Lourens, Carina W
        Guthrie, A J

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Animals, Newborn
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Ceratopogonidae / virology
          • Cohort Studies
          • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
          • Horses
          • Male
          • Orbivirus / immunology
          • Reoviridae Infections / epidemiology
          • Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Seasons
          • Seroepidemiologic Studies
          • Serotyping
          • South Africa / epidemiology
          • Species Specificity

          Citations

          This article has been cited 10 times.
          1. Liu L, Guo X, Hu F, Lu X, Lv Y, Wang J, Ma Q, Tong Y, Tian F, Qian Y, Jung YS, Ma X, Huang B, Li Y, Yu K. Isolation, Genomic Characterization, and Pathogenicity of a Novel Duck Orbivirus Genetically Similar to Corriparta Virus in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025;2025:9556666.
            doi: 10.1155/tbed/9556666pubmed: 41333611google scholar: lookup
          2. Piketh G, Viljoen A, Eberhardt C. Clinical signs, clinical pathology and outcomes in horses infected naturally with equine encephalosis virus. Equine Vet J 2026 Mar;58(2):434-443.
            doi: 10.1111/evj.70117pubmed: 41235818google scholar: lookup
          3. Behar A, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Zalesky O, Izhaki O, Yulzary A, Rot A, Wolkomirsky R, Zamir L, Hmd F, Brenner J. Insights on Transmission, Spread, and Possible Endemization of Selected Arboviruses in Israel-Interim Results from Five-Year Surveillance. Vet Sci 2022 Feb 2;9(2).
            doi: 10.3390/vetsci9020065pubmed: 35202318google scholar: lookup
          4. Tirosh-Levy S, Steinman A. Equine Encephalosis Virus. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jan 29;12(3).
            doi: 10.3390/ani12030337pubmed: 35158658google scholar: lookup
          5. Snyman J, Koekemoer O, van Schalkwyk A, Jansen van Vuren P, Snyman L, Williams J, Venter M. Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010-2017. Viruses 2021 Mar 2;13(3).
            doi: 10.3390/v13030398pubmed: 33801457google scholar: lookup
          6. Maan S, Belaganahalli MN, Maan NS, Potgieter AC, Mertens PPC. Quantitative RT-PCR assays for identification and typing of the Equine encephalosis virus. Braz J Microbiol 2019 Jan;50(1):287-296.
            doi: 10.1007/s42770-018-0034-1pubmed: 30637652google scholar: lookup
          7. Tirosh-Levy S, Gelman B, Zivotofsky D, Quraan L, Khinich E, Nasereddin A, Abdeen Z, Steinman A. Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis for exposure to equine encephalosis virus in Israel, Palestine and Jordan. Vet Med Sci 2017 May;3(2):82-90.
            doi: 10.1002/vms3.58pubmed: 28713576google scholar: lookup
          8. Gordon SJG, Bolwell C, Rogers CW, Musuka G, Kelly P, Guthrie A, Mellor PS, Hamblin C. The sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of African horse sickness and equine encephalosis in selected horse and donkey populations in Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2017 May 10;84(1):e1-e5.
            doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1445pubmed: 28582979google scholar: lookup
          9. Grewar JD, Thompson PN, Lourens CW, Guthrie AJ. Equine encephalosis in Thoroughbred foals on a South African stud farm. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2015 Sep 30;82(1):966.
            doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.966pubmed: 26842364google scholar: lookup
          10. Maclachlan NJ, Guthrie AJ. Re-emergence of bluetongue, African horse sickness, and other orbivirus diseases. Vet Res 2010 Nov-Dec;41(6):35.
            doi: 10.1051/vetres/2010007pubmed: 20167199google scholar: lookup
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