Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in equines and camels in the Punjab region, Pakistan.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study has been carried out in order to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in susceptible hosts in the Punjab region (Pakistan). A total of 170 equines and 150 dromedary camels were examined. Five (3.3%) and 6 (4%) camels were positive at parasitological and serological examination, respectively. None of the equines tested positive at any method. These results seem to indicate that T. evansi infection has a relatively low prevalence in the Punjab region. However, efforts must be done in order to establish control measures in affected herds and avoid dissemination of the disease.
Publication Date: 2006-12-01 PubMed ID: 17135532DOI: 10.1196/annals.1373.043Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research study investigates the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and equines in Pakistan’s Punjab region, determining a relatively low infection rate but emphasizing the need for further control measures to prevent disease spread.
Research Context
- The study centers around Trypanosoma evansi, a parasite that causes significant health problems in animals, particularly in camels and equines.
- Trypanosoma evansi is known for causing trypanosomiasis, also known as Surra, which is a debilitating disease impacting livestock and represents a severe concern for agriculture and farm productivity.
Detailed Research Procedure
- The study took a cross-sectional research design, focusing on the Punjab region of Pakistan, where equines and camels are an integral part of the local economy and livelihoods.
- The researchers physically examined a total of 320 animals, specifically, 170 equines and 150 camels.
- The examination included both parasitological analysis, which checks for the presence of the parasite in the blood, and serological testing, representing the animal’s immune response to the parasite.
Analysis and Results
- In the study, five (3.3%) of the camels were found to be positive for the T. evansi parasite through the parasitological test, while six (4%) camels tested positive in the serological test.
- Notably, none of the equines turned out to be positive in either of the tests.
- Such findings suggest a relatively low prevalence of T. evansi infection in the Punjab region, especially in comparison with other regions worldwide.
Implications and Recommendations
- The low prevalence of T. evansi infection revealed in the study is not to be neglected as the disease poses a severe threat to farming productivity and livestock’s wellbeing.
- The study identifies an essential need for the establishment of deliberate control measures in the affected herds to prevent the spread of the disease, thereby safeguarding animal health and the economic well-being of the region.
Cite This Article
APA
Ul Hasan M, Muhammad G, Gutierrez C, Iqbal Z, Shakoor A, Jabbar A.
(2006).
Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in equines and camels in the Punjab region, Pakistan.
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1081, 322-324.
https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1373.043 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
- Camelus / parasitology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Disease Reservoirs / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Pakistan / epidemiology
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Trypanosoma / immunology
- Trypanosomiasis / epidemiology
- Trypanosomiasis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Kyari F, Mbaya AW, Biu AA, Adamu L, Dennis OO. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using CATT/T. evansi technique in Borno and Yobe states, Nigeria. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2021 May;13:e00209.
- Benaissa MH, Mimoune N, Bentria Y, Kernif T, Boukhelkhal A, Youngs CR, Kaidi R, Faye B, Halis Y. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra, in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in Southeastern Algeria. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2020 Dec 21;87(1):e1-e9.
- Büscher P, Gonzatti MI, Hébert L, Inoue N, Pascucci I, Schnaufer A, Suganuma K, Touratier L, Van Reet N. Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges. Parasit Vectors 2019 May 15;12(1):234.
- Aregawi WG, Agga GE, Abdi RD, Büscher P. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi. Parasit Vectors 2019 Jan 31;12(1):67.
- Sabir N, Chaudhry ZI, Aslam A, Muhammad K, Shahid M, Hussain A, Khan SA, Ahmad I. A study on prevalence and molecular characterization of trypanosomal species infecting equines in Lahore region, Pakistan. J Parasit Dis 2018 Mar;42(1):96-101.
- Tehseen S, Jahan N, Qamar MF, Desquesnes M, Shahzad MI, Deborggraeve S, Büscher P. Parasitological, serological and molecular survey of Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Parasit Vectors 2015 Aug 12;8:415.
- Desquesnes M, Holzmuller P, Lai DH, Dargantes A, Lun ZR, Jittaplapong S. Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on origin, history, distribution, taxonomy, morphology, hosts, and pathogenic effects. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:194176.
- Shahzad W, Munir R, Khan MS, Ahmad MD, Ijaz M, Ahmad A, Iqbal M. Prevalence and molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in different districts of Punjab (Pakistan). Trop Anim Health Prod 2010 Dec;42(8):1597-9.
- Raftery AG, Gummery L, Garcia K, Mohite D, Capewell P, Sutton DGM. Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Equine Vet J 2026 Mar;58(2):291-319.
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