Prevention of respiratory infections with alpha- and gamma-herpesviruses in weanling foals by using a modified live intra-nasal equine influenza vaccine.
Abstract: This study aimed to determine if the administration of a modified live equine influenza virus vaccine (FluAvert) to foals would positively impact their health and reduce colonization of their upper airways with equine herpesviruses (EHV) during the weaning period. A single dose of FluAvert was given to 20 healthy foals 7 days prior to being weaned; 20 healthy foals served as unvaccinated controls. Nasal secretions and blood were collected before vaccination, the day of weaning, and weekly thereafter for 3 weeks. Nasal secretions were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for EHV-1, -2, -4 and -5. Whole blood was analyzed for a complete blood cell count and fibrinogen concentration. Physical assessments were made daily. The use of FluAvert was associated with a better clinical outcome. However, the equine influenza virus (EIV) vaccine did not influence selected hematological parameters and kinetics of herpesviruses. The clinical benefit observed in vaccinates may explain the perception that the EIV vaccine induces cross-protection against respiratory agents. La présente étude visait à déterminer si l’administration d’un vaccin vivant modifié du virus de l’influenza (FluAvert) à des poulains affecterait positivement leur santé et réduirait la colonisation de leurs voies respiratoires supérieures par les herpesvirus équins (EHV) durant la période de sevrage. Une dose unique de FluAvert fut administrée à 20 poulains en santé 7 jours avant le sevrage; 20 poulains en santé ont servi de témoins non-vaccinés. Des sécrétions nasales et du sang furent prélevés avant la vaccination, le jour du sevrage, et de manière hebdomadaire pour les trois semaines suivantes. Les sécrétions nasales furent testées par réaction d’amplification en chaîne par la polymérase quantitative (qPCR) pour EHV-1, -2, -4 et -5. Le sang entier fut analysé pour un dénombrement complet des cellules sanguines et la concentration de fibrinogène. Des examens physiques étaient réalisés quotidiennement. L’utilisation de FluAvert fut associée avec une meilleure issue clinique. Toutefois, le vaccin contre le virus de l’influenza équin (EIV) n’influença pas des paramètres hématologiques sélectionnés et la cinétique des herpesvirus. Les bienfaits cliniques observés chez les chevaux vaccinés pourraient expliquer la perception que le vaccin EIV induit une protection croisée contre des agents infectieux respiratoires.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
Publication Date: 2020-05-02 PubMed ID: 32355351PubMed Central: PMC7155874
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The researchers investigated whether administering a modified live equine influenza virus vaccine (FluAvert) to foals can positively impact their health and reduce colonization of their upper respiratory tracks by equine herpesviruses during their weaning period. While there was a notable clinical benefit seen in vaccinated foals, the vaccine’s impact on selected hematological aspects and kinetics of herpesviruses was not profound.
Methodology
In this study:
- The researchers administered a single dose of FluAvert (a live equine influenza virus vaccine), to 20 healthy foals seven days prior to them being weaned.
- Another 20 healthy foals served as unvaccinated control subjects.
- Both nasal secretions and blood were collected and analyzed from subjects at different stages: before vaccination, on the day of weaning, and weekly for three weeks after.
- Nasal secretions were tested for Equine Herpesviruses EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
- Comprehensive blood cell count and fibrinogen concentration assessments were done using whole blood samples.
- The researchers also made daily physical assessments.
Findings
After analysis:
- The use of FluAvert was associated with a better clinical outcome in the foals. There was a positive health impact in the vaccinated subjects compared to the control group.
- Interestingly, the equine influenza virus (EIV) vaccine seemed to have no influence on selected hematological parameters and the kinetics of herpesviruses respective to infection progression and recovery.
- Given the observed clinical benefits in vaccinated foals, researchers suggest that the use of the EIV vaccine could give the impression of inducing a cross-protection against other respiratory infectious agents, despite the lack of precise hematological evidence.
The research is important in the management of respiratory health in weanling foals, especially by providing insights on the potential benefits of using FluAvert. However, the influence of EIV vaccine on selected hematological parameters and herpesvirus kinetics require further research to understand the full scope of the vaccine’s impact.
Cite This Article
APA
Salco R, Bowers J, Hernandez V, Barnum S, Pusterla N.
(2020).
Prevention of respiratory infections with alpha- and gamma-herpesviruses in weanling foals by using a modified live intra-nasal equine influenza vaccine.
Can Vet J, 61(5), 517-520.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA (Pusterla, Barnum); Harris Farms Horse Division, 27366 West Oakland Avenue, Coalinga, California, USA (Salco, Bowers, Hernandez).
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA (Pusterla, Barnum); Harris Farms Horse Division, 27366 West Oakland Avenue, Coalinga, California, USA (Salco, Bowers, Hernandez).
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA (Pusterla, Barnum); Harris Farms Horse Division, 27366 West Oakland Avenue, Coalinga, California, USA (Salco, Bowers, Hernandez).
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA (Pusterla, Barnum); Harris Farms Horse Division, 27366 West Oakland Avenue, Coalinga, California, USA (Salco, Bowers, Hernandez).
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA (Pusterla, Barnum); Harris Farms Horse Division, 27366 West Oakland Avenue, Coalinga, California, USA (Salco, Bowers, Hernandez).
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Influenza Vaccines
- Respiratory Tract Infections / prevention & control
- Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
References
This article includes 14 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Zarski LM, Vaala WE, Barnett DC, Bain FT, Soboll Hussey G. A Live-Attenuated Equine Influenza Vaccine Stimulates Innate Immunity in Equine Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures That Could Provide Protection From Equine Herpesvirus 1.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:674850.
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