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Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Primary vaccination in foals: a comparison of the serologica...
Archives of virology2021; 166(2); 571-579; doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04846-6

Primary vaccination in foals: a comparison of the serological response to equine influenza and equine herpesvirus vaccines administered concurrently or 2 weeks apart.

Abstract: This study compared concurrent and separate primary vaccination against equid alphaherpesviruses 1 and 4, genus Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and equine influenza A virus, genus Alphainfluenzavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. Their vernacular names are equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV1/4) and equine influenza virus (EIV). Infection with these respiratory pathogens is associated with loss of performance, interruption of training schedules, and on occasion, cancellation of equestrian events. Vaccination is highly recommended, and for some activities it is a mandatory requirement of the relevant authority. As there is a dearth of information relating to the impact of concurrent vaccination on the antibody response to EHV and EIV vaccines, they are usually administered separately, often 2 weeks apart. In a previous study of booster vaccination in Thoroughbred racehorses, concurrent vaccination with whole-virus inactivated carbopol-adjuvanted EHV and EIV vaccines did not impact negatively on the antibody response. In this study, investigations were extended to concurrent versus separate primary vaccination of warmblood foals. A field study was conducted to compare the immune response to a carbopol-adjuvanted EHV vaccine and an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM)-adjuvanted EI vaccine administered concurrently and 2 weeks apart. No adverse clinical reactions were observed, the pattern of EI and EHV antibody response was similar for both groups, and there was no evidence that concurrent primary vaccination compromised the humoral response. The results are of relevance to horse owners who wish to decrease veterinary costs, limit handling of young animals, and simplify record keeping by vaccinating concurrently.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-07 PubMed ID: 33410993PubMed Central: 6901505DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04846-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how horses, specifically young warmblood foals, respond to vaccination against equine herpesvirus (EHV) and equine influenza virus (EIV), when vaccines are given either simultaneously or two weeks apart. The findings reveal that administering these vaccines together does not negatively affect the animals’ immune response, offering the prospect of reduced veterinary costs, simpler veterinary care, and easier record-keeping for horse owners.

Background

  • Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV1/4) and equine influenza virus (EIV) are respiratory pathogens affecting horses, causing interruptions in training routines, loss of performance, and occasionally leading to event cancellations.
  • Vaccination against these diseases is strongly recommended, and sometimes mandatory, for sports and other equestrian activities.
  • Prior to this study, there was limited information about the potential effects of administering these vaccines simultaneously, rather than two weeks apart as is standard practice.

Focus of the Research

  • The study’s aim was to examine the outcomes of concurrent administration (giving both vaccines at the same time) versus separate administration of the vaccines.
  • This investigation builds on previous research that found no negative impact on the immune response in adult Thoroughbred racehorses given concurrent EHV and EIV vaccinations.
  • The research was carried out considering young warmblood foals, with a particular interest in primary vaccination scenarios.
  • The work can be seen as an extension and specification of existing research into dual vaccination strategies among equines.

Research Methodology and Findings

  • The research team conducted a field study, where they compared the immune response in foals given a carbopol-adjuvanted EHV vaccine and an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM)-adjuvanted EI vaccine, either at the same time or two weeks apart.
  • The team found no adverse clinical reactions among the horses, and the overall pattern of EI and EHV antibody response was similar across both groups.
  • Crucially, the study provided no evidence that concurrent primary vaccination weakens the humoral (antibody-mediated) immune response.

Implications of the Study

  • The research findings suggest concurrent vaccination is a viable option for horse owners who wish to reduce veterinary expenses, streamline record keeping and limit the handling of young horses.
  • It could help promote increased vaccination coverage and ensure a standard level of disease protection across the sport horse industry.Most importantly this research will minimize disruption caused by these diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Allkofer A, Garvey M, Ryan E, Lyons R, Ryan M, Lukaseviciute G, Walsh C, Venner M, Cullinane A. (2021). Primary vaccination in foals: a comparison of the serological response to equine influenza and equine herpesvirus vaccines administered concurrently or 2 weeks apart. Arch Virol, 166(2), 571-579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04846-6

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 166
Issue: 2
Pages: 571-579

Researcher Affiliations

Allkofer, Alexandra
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany.
Garvey, Marie
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93, Ireland.
Ryan, Evelyn
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93, Ireland.
Lyons, Rachel
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93, Ireland.
Ryan, Megan
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93, Ireland.
Lukaseviciute, Gabija
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93, Ireland.
Walsh, Cathal
  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Venner, Monica
  • Equine Clinic Destedt, Trift 4, 38162, Destedt, Germany. MVenner@gmx.de.
Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93, Ireland. ACullinane@irishequinecentre.ie.

MeSH Terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Antibody Formation / immunology
  • Female
  • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
  • Herpesvirus Vaccines / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Horses / virology
  • Immunity, Humoral / immunology
  • Immunization, Secondary / methods
  • Influenza A virus / immunology
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Vaccination / methods
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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