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Epidemiology and infection1988; 100(3); 501-510; doi: 10.1017/s0950268800067236

Protection against experimental infection with influenza virus A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) provided by inactivated whole virus vaccines containing homologous virus.

Abstract: Thirty-one ponies immunized with inactivated virus vaccine containing A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) virus and six seronegative ponies were experimentally challenged with the homologous virus strain. All 6 unvaccinated ponies and 11 out of 31 vaccinated ponies became infected. A clear relationship between pre-challenge antibody, measured by single radial haemolysis (SRH), and protection was demonstrated as judged by virus excretion, febrile responses and antibody responses. Those ponies with SRH antibody levels greater than 74 mm2 were completely protected against challenge infection by the intranasal route.
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Publication Date: 1988-06-01 PubMed ID: 2837409PubMed Central: PMC2249356DOI: 10.1017/s0950268800067236Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the efficacy of a vaccine containing the inactivated A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) influenza virus in protecting ponies against the same strain of virus. The findings indicate that the vaccine is effective, with the level of protection relating to the antibody response before exposure to the virus.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The authors introduced the research as an investigation into the ability of an inactivated virus vaccine containing the strain A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) to protect against viral infections among ponies.
  • In the experimental set-up, 31 ponies that had been immunized with the said vaccine were compared against 6 seronegative (previously unexposed to the virus) ponies.
  • Both groups were then experimentally challenged with the homologous virus strain (the same virus strain used in the vaccine).

Impact of the Vaccine

  • The results showed that all the 6 unvaccinated ponies became infected with the virus after exposure.
  • In contrast, only 11 of the 31 vaccinated ponies became infected showing that the vaccination had some level of protective effect against the virus.
  • The authors observed a clear relationship between pre-challenge antibody level, calculated using Single Radial Hemolysis (SRH) method, and the level of protection against the virus.

Key Findings

  • Ponies that had SRH antibody levels greater than 74 mm² were completely protected against the virus infection when exposed via the intranasal route.
  • Taking this into consideration, the research indicated that the inactivated virus vaccine could offer significant protection against the A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) influenza virus, particularly in individuals with high antibody responses.

Conclusion

  • This study highlights the effectiveness of inactivated virus vaccines in preventing influenza infections provided that individuals demonstrate high pre-challenge antibody responses.
  • This provides a basis for vaccines exhibiting similar mechanisms could potentially be used to fend off infections in other animal species or even in humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Mumford JA, Wood JM, Folkers C, Schild GC. (1988). Protection against experimental infection with influenza virus A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) provided by inactivated whole virus vaccines containing homologous virus. Epidemiol Infect, 100(3), 501-510. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067236

Publication

Epidemiology and infection
ISSN: 0950-2688
NlmUniqueID: 8703737
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 100
Issue: 3
Pages: 501-510

Researcher Affiliations

Mumford, J A
  • Equine Virology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk.
Wood, J M
    Folkers, C
      Schild, G C

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
        • Hemolysis
        • Horse Diseases / immunology
        • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
        • Horses
        • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
        • Influenza A virus / immunology
        • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
        • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
        • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
        • Viral Vaccines / immunology

        References

        This article includes 8 references
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        Citations

        This article has been cited 7 times.
        1. Ahearne MM, Pentzke-Lemus LL, Romano AM, Larsen ED, Watson AM, O'Fallon EA, Landolt GA. Disease progression, pathologic, and virologic findings of an equine influenza outbreak in rescue donkeys. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Nov;36(6):2230-2237.
          doi: 10.1111/jvim.16563pubmed: 36205917google scholar: lookup
        2. Pavulraj S, Bergmann T, Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Montomoli E, Alami SSE, Ragni-Alunni R, Osterrieder N, Azab W. Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV(®) Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Feb 17;9(2).
          doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020166pubmed: 33671378google scholar: lookup
        3. Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
          doi: 10.3390/vaccines2040797pubmed: 26344892google scholar: lookup
        4. Ault A, Zajac AM, Kong WP, Gorres JP, Royals M, Wei CJ, Bao S, Yang ZY, Reedy SE, Sturgill TL, Page AE, Donofrio-Newman J, Adams AA, Balasuriya UB, Horohov DW, Chambers TM, Nabel GJ, Rao SS. Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies. Vaccine 2012 Jun 6;30(26):3965-74.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.026pubmed: 22449425google scholar: lookup
        5. Bryant NA, Paillot R, Rash AS, Medcalf E, Montesso F, Ross J, Watson J, Jeggo M, Lewis NS, Newton JR, Elton DM. Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak. Vet Res 2010 Mar-Apr;41(2):19.
          doi: 10.1051/vetres/2009067pubmed: 19863903google scholar: lookup
        6. Mumford JA, Wilson H, Hannant D, Jessett DM. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of equine influenza vaccines containing a Carbomer adjuvant. Epidemiol Infect 1994 Apr;112(2):421-37.
          doi: 10.1017/s0950268800057848pubmed: 8150017google scholar: lookup
        7. Elliott S, Olufemi OT, Daly JM. Systematic Review of Equine Influenza A Virus Vaccine Studies and Meta-Analysis of Vaccine Efficacy. Viruses 2023 Nov 28;15(12).
          doi: 10.3390/v15122337pubmed: 38140577google scholar: lookup
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