Protection, systemic IFNgamma, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host.
Abstract: In the horse, conventional inactivated or subunit vaccines against equine influenza virus (EIV) induce a short-lived antibody-based immunity to infection. Alternative strategies of vaccination have been subsequently developed to mimic the long-term protection induced by natural infection with the virus. One of these approaches is the use of immune-stimulating complex (ISCOM)-based vaccines. ISCOM vaccines induce a strong antibody response and protection against influenza in horses, humans, and a mouse model. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been demonstrated in humans and mice after ISCOM vaccination, but rarely investigated in the horse. The aim of this study was to evaluate EIV-specific immune responses after intra-muscular vaccination with an ISCOM-EIV vaccine (EQUIP F) containing both equine influenza H7N7 (A/eq/Newmarket/77) and H3N8 (A/eq/Borlänge/91 and A/eq/Kentucky/98) strains. The antibody response was measured by single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay using different H3N8 EIV strains. Stimulation of type-1 immunity was evaluated with a recently developed method that measures EIV-specific IFNgamma synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The protective efficacy of this ISCOM-based vaccine against challenge infection with a recent equine influenza (H3N8; A/eq/South Africa/4/03) strain was also evaluated. Vaccinated ponies developed elevated levels of EIV-specific SRH antibody and increased percentage of EIV-specific IFNgamma(+) PBL, whereas these responses were only detected after challenge infection in unvaccinated control ponies. Vaccinates showed minimal signs of disease and did not shed virus when challenged shortly after the second immunisation. In conclusion, evidence of type-1 immunity induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine is described for the first time in horses.
Publication Date: 2008-02-07 PubMed ID: 18252187DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2007062Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The study presented is focused on the effectiveness of an immune-stimulating complex (ISCOM)-based vaccine against equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. The researchers found that this vaccine successfully induced a strong antibody response and limited disease symptoms, furthermore demonstrating this is the first evidence of type-1 immunity triggered by an ISCOM-based vaccine in horses.
Overview of the Research
- Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a significant disease in horses. This research focuses on developing a more effective means of vaccination against EIV.
- The conventional inactivated or subunit vaccines only provide a short-lived immunity to the virus, which has led to the exploration of more potent and long-lasting alternatives. The ISCOM-based vaccine is one of those alternatives.
- ISCOM-based vaccines have been known to induce a strong antibody response. The immune responses to these vaccines, especially cell-mediated immunity (CMI), haven’t been thoroughly investigated in horses before this study.
Methods
- The researchers evaluated the EIV-specific immunity in horses after intramuscular vaccination.
- The ISCOM-EIV vaccine used contained both H7N7 and H3N8 strains of equine influenza.
- The antibody response was measured by single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay using different H3N8 EIV strains.
- Type-1 immunity was assessed through a method that measures EIV-specific IFNgamma synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
- The protective efficacy of the vaccine was also evaluated against a recent equine influenza strain.
Results and Findings
- Vaccinated ponies demonstrated elevated levels of EIV-specific SRH antibody and increased percentage of EIV-specific IFNgamma(+) PBL. These responses were only detected after infection challenge in unvaccinated control ponies.
- The vaccinated ponies showed minimum signs of disease and did not shed the virus after the second immunisation, indicating the protective efficacy of the ISCOM-based vaccine.
Conclusion
- The result of this study brought out the first evidence of type-1 immunity induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine in horses.
This research suggests that this ISCOM-based vaccine can be a successful fresh approach against equine influenza by inducing strong and potentially longer-lasting immunity in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Paillot R, Grimmett H, Elton D, Daly JM.
(2008).
Protection, systemic IFNgamma, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host.
Vet Res, 39(3), 21.
https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2007062 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health Trust, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK. romain.paillot@aht.org.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines / therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination / veterinary
Citations
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- Akache B, Stark FC, Agbayani G, Renner TM, McCluskie MJ. Adjuvants: Engineering Protective Immune Responses in Human and Veterinary Vaccines.. Methods Mol Biol 2022;2412:179-231.
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