FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Archives of virology1991; 117(1-2); 109-119; doi: 10.1007/BF01310496

Proviral sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood cells of horses with equine infectious anemia lentivirus.

Abstract: Proviral sequences in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 horses with acute equine infectious anemia virus were monitored using the polymerase chain reaction. Provirus was detected during the initial viremic episode in each horse and during each of 3 relapsing viremic cycles, although the appearance of provirus lagged behind the onset of viremia. Following each viremic episode, provirus levels in the peripheral monocytes decreased to less than 1 copy in 5 x 10(6) cells.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1991-01-01 PubMed ID: 1848747DOI: 10.1007/BF01310496Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines how proviral sequences in the blood cells of horses with Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) virus can be tracked using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It specifically looks at the appearance and fluctuations of the provirus during different stages of the viral infection.

Monitoring of Proviral sequences with PCR

  • The researchers observed proviral sequences in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of three horses inflicted with an acute Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) virus. They used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to closely monitor the presence of provirus (A form of a virus that has been integrated into the genetic material of a host cell) at various stages of EIA infection.

EIA Virus and Provirus Appearance

  • They discovered that the provirus was detected during the initial infection phase in each horse and during each of the three relapsing viremic cycles (times when the virus was present again in the bloodstream). However, there was a delay in the detection of provirus compared to the onset of viremia (presence of viruses in the bloodstream).

Fluctuation of Provirus Levels

  • The scientists also noted that the levels of detected provirus in the peripheral monocyte cells (a type of white blood cell) decreased significantly after each occurrence of viremia, with a reduction to less than one copy of provirus in 5 million cells.
  • This suggests that the provirus appears and then reduces its presence in the infected horse’s peripheral blood cells in a cyclical pattern along with the occurrences of the EIA virus in the bloodstream.

Significance of the Research

  • This study provides important insights into the behavior and tracking of proviral sequences in relation to EIA virus infection. Such understanding can potentially assist in diagnosis, treatment, and management of this disease in horses.
  • It also highlights the possible use of the PCR method as an effective tool to monitor the presence and fluctuations of provirus during different stages of viral infection, which could be applied to a broad range of diseases or conditions that involve viral infections.

Cite This Article

APA
O'Rourke KI, Besola ML, McGuire TC. (1991). Proviral sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood cells of horses with equine infectious anemia lentivirus. Arch Virol, 117(1-2), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01310496

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 117
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 109-119

Researcher Affiliations

O'Rourke, K I
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman.
Besola, M L
    McGuire, T C

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Base Sequence
      • DNA Probes
      • DNA, Viral / blood
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / blood
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / microbiology
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / isolation & purification
      • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / microbiology
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Polymerase Chain Reaction
      • Proviruses / genetics
      • Proviruses / isolation & purification
      • Sensitivity and Specificity

      Grant Funding

      • AI24166 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI24291 / NIAID NIH HHS

      References

      This article includes 42 references
      1. Gartner S, Markovits P, Markovitz DM, Kaplan MH, Gallo RC, Popovic M. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection.. Science 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):215-9.
        pubmed: 3014648doi: 10.1126/science.3014648google scholar: lookup
      2. Stephens RM, Casey JW, Rice NR. Equine infectious anemia virus gag and pol genes: relatedness to visna and AIDS virus.. Science 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):589-94.
        pubmed: 3003905doi: 10.1126/science.3003905google scholar: lookup
      3. Kawakami T, Sherman L, Dahlberg J, Gazit A, Yaniv A, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of equine infectious anemia virus proviral DNA.. Virology 1987 Jun;158(2):300-12.
        pubmed: 3035786doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90202-9google scholar: lookup
      4. Perryman LE, O'Rourke KI, McGuire TC. Immune responses are required to terminate viremia in equine infectious anemia lentivirus infection.. J Virol 1988 Aug;62(8):3073-6.
        pubmed: 2839723doi: 10.1128/JVI.62.8.3073-3076.1988google scholar: lookup
      5. Rushlow K, Olsen K, Stiegler G, Payne SL, Montelaro RC, Issel CJ. Lentivirus genomic organization: the complete nucleotide sequence of the env gene region of equine infectious anemia virus.. Virology 1986 Dec;155(2):309-21.
        pubmed: 2431539doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90195-9google scholar: lookup
      6. O'Rourke K, Perryman LE, McGuire TC. Antiviral, anti-glycoprotein and neutralizing antibodies in foals with equine infectious anaemia virus.. J Gen Virol 1988 Mar;69 ( Pt 3):667-74.
        pubmed: 3351480doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-3-667google scholar: lookup
      7. Chiu IM, Yaniv A, Dahlberg JE, Gazit A, Skuntz SF, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA. Nucleotide sequence evidence for relationship of AIDS retrovirus to lentiviruses.. Nature 1985 Sep 26-Oct 2;317(6035):366-8.
        pubmed: 2995822doi: 10.1038/317366a0google scholar: lookup
      8. Gendelman HE, Narayan O, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, Kennedy PG, Ghotbi Z, Clements JE, Stanley J, Pezeshkpour G. Tropism of sheep lentiviruses for monocytes: susceptibility to infection and virus gene expression increase during maturation of monocytes to macrophages.. J Virol 1986 Apr;58(1):67-74.
        pubmed: 3005660doi: 10.1128/JVI.58.1.67-74.1986google scholar: lookup
      9. Malmquist WA, Barnett D, Becvar CS. Production of equine infectious anemia antigen in a persistently infected cell line.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;42(4):361-70.
        pubmed: 4358259doi: 10.1007/BF01250717google scholar: lookup
      10. Psallidopoulos MC, Schnittman SM, Thompson LM 3rd, Baseler M, Fauci AS, Lane HC, Salzman NP. Integrated proviral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is present in CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy seropositive individuals.. J Virol 1989 Nov;63(11):4626-31.
        pubmed: 2795714doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.11.4626-4631.1989google scholar: lookup
      11. Fauci AS. The human immunodeficiency virus: infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenesis.. Science 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):617-22.
        pubmed: 3277274doi: 10.1126/science.3277274google scholar: lookup
      12. Gendelman HE, Narayan O, Molineaux S, Clements JE, Ghotbi Z. Slow, persistent replication of lentiviruses: role of tissue macrophages and macrophage precursors in bone marrow.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985 Oct;82(20):7086-90.
        pubmed: 2996004doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.7086google scholar: lookup
      13. McGuire TC, O'Rourke K, Cheevers WP. A review of antigenic variation by the equine infectious anemia virus.. Contrib Microbiol Immunol 1987;8:77-89.
        pubmed: 3040337
      14. Kono Y, Kobayashi K, Fukunaga Y. Antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in chronically infected horses.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;41(1):1-10.
        pubmed: 4123810doi: 10.1007/BF01249923google scholar: lookup
      15. Rice NR, Lequarre AS, Casey JW, Lahn S, Stephens RM, Edwards J. Viral DNA in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1989 Dec;63(12):5194-200.
        pubmed: 2555550doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.12.5194-5200.1989google scholar: lookup
      16. McGuire TC, Crawford TB, Henson JB. Immunofluorescent localization of equine infectious anemia virus in tissue.. Am J Pathol 1971 Feb;62(2):283-94.
        pubmed: 4322275
      17. Narayan O, Sheffer D, Clements JE, Tennekoon G. Restricted replication of lentiviruses. Visna viruses induce a unique interferon during interaction between lymphocytes and infected macrophages.. J Exp Med 1985 Dec 1;162(6):1954-69.
        pubmed: 2415660doi: 10.1084/jem.162.6.1954google scholar: lookup
      18. Kobayashi K, Kono Y. Propagation and titration of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte culture.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1967 Spring;7(1):8-20.
        pubmed: 4293214
      19. McGuire TC, O'Rourke KI, Knowles DP, Cheevers WP. Caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus transmission and disease.. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990;160:61-75.
        pubmed: 2162288doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-75267-4_4google scholar: lookup
      20. Henson JB, McGuire TC. Immunopathology of equine infectious anemia.. Am J Clin Pathol 1971 Sep;56(3):306-13.
        pubmed: 4328671doi: 10.1093/ajcp/56.3.306google scholar: lookup
      21. Montelaro RC, Robey WG, West MD, Issel CJ, Fischinger PJ. Characterization of the serological cross-reactivity between glycoproteins of the human immunodeficiency virus and equine infectious anaemia virus.. J Gen Virol 1988 Jul;69 ( Pt 7):1711-7.
        pubmed: 2839603doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-7-1711google scholar: lookup
      22. Pauza CD, Galindo J, Richman DD. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of monoblastoid cells: cellular differentiation determines the pattern of virus replication.. J Virol 1988 Oct;62(10):3558-64.
        pubmed: 2458483doi: 10.1128/JVI.62.10.3558-3564.1988google scholar: lookup
      23. Banks KL, Jutila MA, Jacobs CA, Michaels FH. Augmentation of lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus contributes to the development of progressive arthritis.. Rheumatol Int 1989;9(3-5):123-8.
        pubmed: 2558408doi: 10.1007/BF00271868google scholar: lookup
      24. Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf SJ, Higuchi R, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase.. Science 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487-91.
        pubmed: 2448875doi: 10.1126/science.2448875google scholar: lookup
      25. McGuire TC, Lacy PA, O'Rourke KI. cDNA sequence of the env gene of a pathogenic equine infectious anemia lentivirus variant.. Nucleic Acids Res 1990 Jan 11;18(1):196.
        pubmed: 2155398doi: 10.1093/nar/18.1.196google scholar: lookup
      26. Peluso R, Haase A, Stowring L, Edwards M, Ventura P. A Trojan Horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes.. Virology 1985 Nov;147(1):231-6.
        pubmed: 2998068doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90246-6google scholar: lookup
      27. Ou CY, Kwok S, Mitchell SW, Mack DH, Sninsky JJ, Krebs JW, Feorino P, Warfield D, Schochetman G. DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.. Science 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.
        pubmed: 3336784doi: 10.1126/science.3336784google scholar: lookup
      28. Haase AT. Pathogenesis of lentivirus infections.. Nature 1986 Jul 10-16;322(6075):130-6.
        pubmed: 2425264doi: 10.1038/322130a0google scholar: lookup
      29. Heidecker G, Messing J. Sequence analysis of zein cDNAs obtained by an efficient mRNA cloning method.. Nucleic Acids Res 1983 Jul 25;11(14):4891-906.
        pubmed: 6688299doi: 10.1093/nar/11.14.4891google scholar: lookup
      30. Kono Y. Viremia and immunological responses in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1969 Spring;9(1):1-9.
        pubmed: 4306393
      31. Koenig S, Gendelman HE, Orenstein JM, Dal Canto MC, Pezeshkpour GH, Yungbluth M, Janotta F, Aksamit A, Martin MA, Fauci AS. Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy.. Science 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1089-93.
        pubmed: 3016903doi: 10.1126/science.3016903google scholar: lookup
      32. Schnittman SM, Psallidopoulos MC, Lane HC, Thompson L, Baseler M, Massari F, Fox CH, Salzman NP, Fauci AS. The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4.. Science 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):305-8.
        pubmed: 2665081doi: 10.1126/science.2665081google scholar: lookup
      33. Payne SL, Fang FD, Liu CP, Dhruva BR, Rwambo P, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Antigenic variation and lentivirus persistence: variations in envelope gene sequences during EIAV infection resemble changes reported for sequential isolates of HIV.. Virology 1987 Dec;161(2):321-31.
        pubmed: 2825406doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90124-3google scholar: lookup
      34. Yaniv A, Dahlberg J, Gazit A, Sherman L, Chiu IM, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA. Molecular cloning and physical characterization of integrated equine infectious anemia virus: molecular and immunologic evidence of its close relationship to ovine and caprine lentiviruses.. Virology 1986 Oct 15;154(1):1-8.
        pubmed: 3750842doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90424-1google scholar: lookup
      35. Jutila MA, Banks KL. Increased macrophage division in the synovial fluid of goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus.. J Infect Dis 1988 Jun;157(6):1193-202.
        pubmed: 2836521doi: 10.1093/infdis/157.6.1193google scholar: lookup
      36. Griffin GE, Leung K, Folks TM, Kunkel S, Nabel GJ. Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-kappa B.. Nature 1989 May 4;339(6219):70-3.
        pubmed: 2654643doi: 10.1038/339070a0google scholar: lookup
      37. Issel CJ, Adams WV Jr, Meek L, Ochoa R. Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus from horses without clinical signs of disease.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982 Feb 1;180(3):272-5.
        pubmed: 6276353
      38. Zink MC, Narayan O, Kennedy PG, Clements JE. Pathogenesis of visna/maedi and caprine arthritis-encephalitis: new leads on the mechanism of restricted virus replication and persistent inflammation.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1987 May;15(1-2):167-80.
        pubmed: 3039719doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(87)90110-3google scholar: lookup
      39. Mosca JD, Bednarik DP, Raj NB, Rosen CA, Sodroski JG, Haseltine WA, Pitha PM. Herpes simplex virus type-1 can reactivate transcription of latent human immunodeficiency virus.. Nature 1987 Jan 1-7;325(6099):67-70.
        pubmed: 3025748doi: 10.1038/325067a0google scholar: lookup
      40. Ho DD, Rota TR, Hirsch MS. Infection of monocyte/macrophages by human T lymphotropic virus type III.. J Clin Invest 1986 May;77(5):1712-5.
        pubmed: 2422213doi: 10.1172/JCI112491google scholar: lookup
      41. Ball JM, Payne SL, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. EIAV genomic organization: further characterization by sequencing of purified glycoproteins and cDNA.. Virology 1988 Aug;165(2):601-5.
        pubmed: 2841805doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90605-8google scholar: lookup
      42. Banks KL. Monocyte activation in horses persistently infected with equine infectious anemia virus.. Infect Immun 1975 Nov;12(5):1219-21.
        pubmed: 172455doi: 10.1128/iai.12.5.1219-1221.1975google scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 7 times.
      1. Harrold SM, Cook SJ, Cook RF, Rushlow KE, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Tissue sites of persistent infection and active replication of equine infectious anemia virus during acute disease and asymptomatic infection in experimentally infected equids. J Virol 2000 Apr;74(7):3112-21.
        doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.7.3112-3121.2000pubmed: 10708426google scholar: lookup
      2. Oaks JL, McGuire TC, Ulibarri C, Crawford TB. Equine infectious anemia virus is found in tissue macrophages during subclinical infection. J Virol 1998 Sep;72(9):7263-9.
        doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.9.7263-7269.1998pubmed: 9696821google scholar: lookup
      3. Rodriguez JM. Detection of animal pathogens by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Vet J 1997 May;153(3):287-305.
        doi: 10.1016/s1090-0233(97)80063-9pubmed: 9232118google scholar: lookup
      4. Sellon DC, Walker KM, Russell KE, Perry ST, Covington P, Fuller FJ. Equine infectious anemia virus replication is upregulated during differentiation of blood monocytes from acutely infected horses. J Virol 1996 Jan;70(1):590-4.
        doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.1.590-594.1996pubmed: 8523576google scholar: lookup
      5. Belák S, Ballagi-Pordány A. Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in veterinary diagnostic virology. Vet Res Commun 1993;17(1):55-72.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01839180pubmed: 8396281google scholar: lookup
      6. Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC. The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Res 1994 May;32(2):111-38.
        doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90038-8pubmed: 8067050google scholar: lookup
      7. Sellon DC, Perry ST, Coggins L, Fuller FJ. Wild-type equine infectious anemia virus replicates in vivo predominantly in tissue macrophages, not in peripheral blood monocytes. J Virol 1992 Oct;66(10):5906-13.
        doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.10.5906-5913.1992pubmed: 1382143google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.