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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Quadricuspid aortic valve and a ventricular septal defect in...
BMC veterinary research2014; 10; 142; doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-142

Quadricuspid aortic valve and a ventricular septal defect in a horse.

Abstract: Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) are congenital heart defects and have been described in both human and veterinary medical literature. Methods: A 5-year-old half-bred bay stallion was referred for surgical castration. Cardiac murmurs were heard on the presurgical clinical examination and the cardiac examination revealed subcutaneous oedema, tachycardia with a precodrial thrill and a grade 5/6 pansystolic murmur, which was heard on auscultation of the right and left side of the chest. Examination of the B-mode echocardiograms revealed the presence of a QAV (one small cusp, two equal-sized cusps, and one large cusp) and VSD in the membranous portion of the intraventricular septum. These two congenital cardiac defects were accompanied by mild aortic valve regurgitation and severe tricuspid regurgitation. Despite the presence of these cardiac defects, the horse underwent surgical castration under general anesthesia. Surgery, anaesthesia and recovery from anaesthesia were uneventful. The gelding was euthanasied after 17 months because of a progressive loss of body weight, weakness and recumbency. Conclusions: A QAV in combination with VSD in a horse is an interesting finding, because to the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously described in equine literature.
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Publication Date: 2014-06-30 PubMed ID: 24981768PubMed Central: PMC4134333DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-142Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research documents a unique case of a horse with two types of heart defects, Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) and ventricular septal defect (VSD), undergoing a successful surgical castration. Following the procedure, the horse was euthanised 17 months later due to significant weight loss, weakness, and inability to stand.

Research Details

  • The research highlights a rare incidence of both QAV and VSD in a horse which was identified during a pre-surgical examination for castration.
  • QAV and VSD are congenital heart defects – meaning they are present from birth. QAV is a condition where the aortic valve in the heart has four leaflets or flaps (called cusps) instead of the normal three. VSD meanwhile is a hole in the wall that separates the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles).
  • These heart abnormalities were detected due to the presence of cardiac murmurs, subcutaneous oedema, tachycardia with a precordial thrill, and a high grade pansystolic murmur within the horse.

B-mode Echocardiogram Examination

  • The echocardiogram examination revealed the structural details of the Quadricuspid aortic valve, which was composed of one small cusp, two equal-sized cusps, and one large cusp.
  • The echocardiogram also visualized the VSD in the membranous portion of the intraventricular septum, the wall that separates the lower chambers of the heart.
  • Alongside these, aortic valve regurgitation (leaking of blood back into the heart due to improper closure of the valve) and severe tricuspid regurgitation (backward flow of blood into the right upper heart chamber) were also noted.

Castration Surgery and Postoperative Progress

  • Despite these heart defects, the horse underwent castration surgery under general anesthesia. The surgery, along with the anesthesia and subsequent recovery, were uneventful, indicating no significant health complications resulted from the procedure.
  • However, 17 months after the surgery, the horse was euthanized due to a progressive decline in health marked by weight loss, weakness, and inability to stand or recumbency.

Conclusion

  • The research provides important insights into the co-presence of QAV and VSD in horses, a situation not previously documented in equine medical literature.
  • Though having these conditions did not prevent the horse from undergoing successful castration, it impacts their overall health and lifespan, eventually leading to euthanization.

Cite This Article

APA
Michlik KM, Biazik AK, Henklewski RZ, Szmigielska MA, Nicpoń JM, Pasławska U. (2014). Quadricuspid aortic valve and a ventricular septal defect in a horse. BMC Vet Res, 10, 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-142

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 142

Researcher Affiliations

Michlik, Katarzyna M
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Disease of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Veterinary Faculty of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl, Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland. katarzyna.michlik@up.wroc.pl.
Biazik, Anna K
    Henklewski, Radomir Z
      Szmigielska, Marta A
        Nicpoń, Józef M
          Pasławska, Urszula

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Aortic Valve / pathology
            • Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
            • Heart Defects, Congenital / diagnosis
            • Heart Defects, Congenital / pathology
            • Heart Defects, Congenital / veterinary
            • Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / diagnosis
            • Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / pathology
            • Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / veterinary
            • Heart Valve Diseases / diagnosis
            • Heart Valve Diseases / pathology
            • Heart Valve Diseases / veterinary
            • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
            • Horse Diseases / pathology
            • Horses
            • Male

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            Citations

            This article has been cited 1 times.
            1. Vitale V, Laurberg M, van Galen G. Transthoracic echocardiography and its limitations in the diagnosis of congenital supernumerary aortic valve in a Thoroughbred. Vet Med Sci 2023 Mar;9(2):712-716.
              doi: 10.1002/vms3.472pubmed: 33713550google scholar: lookup
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