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Quantitative analysis of acid-base balance in show jumpers before and after exercise.
Abstract: The acid-base status of venous blood was studied in 17 show jumpers before and after exercise using both a traditional and a quantitative approach. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)), pH, haemoglobin, and plasma concentrations of sodium (Na(+)), chloride (Cl(-)), potasium (K(+)), ionized calcium (Ca(2+)), total proteins, albumin, lactate and phosphorus were measured in jugular venous blood samples obtained before and immediately after finishing a show jumping competition. Bicarbonate, anion gap and globulin concentration were calculated from the measured parameters. 'Quantitative analysis' of acid-base balance was performed utilising values for three independent variables: PCO(2), strong ion difference [SID = (Na(+)+ K(+)+ Ca(2+)) - (Cl(-)+ Lact)] and total concentration of weak acids [A(T)= Alb (1 paragraph sign23 pH - 6 paragraph sign31) + Pi (0 paragraph sign309 pH - 0 paragraph sign469) 10/30 paragraph sign97]; plasma concentrations of hydrogen ion ([H(+)]) were also calculated from these variables using Stewart's equation. No significant changes in blood pH were detected after the show jumping competition. Exercise resulted in a significant increase in lactate, Na(+), K(+), haemoglobin, total proteins, albumin, globulin and anion gap, and a decrease in bicarbonate, Cl(-)and Ca(2+). PCO(2)decreased after exercise while SID and A(T)increased. A significant correlation between measured and calculated [H(+)] was found both before and after exercise. However, individual [H(+)] values were not accurately predicted from Stewart's equation. In conclusion, even though pH did not change, significant modifications in the acid-base balance of horses have been found after a show jumping competition. In addition, quantitative analysis has been shown to provide an adequate interpretation of acid-base status in show jumpers before and after exercise.
Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Publication Date: 2000-04-11 PubMed ID: 10756125DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0341Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The study examined the changes in blood acid-base balance in show jumping horses, before and after their performance. It found that while the blood pH didn’t change, the exercise caused changes in other blood parameters, providing a different perspective on acid-base balance in horses during exertion.
Research Methodology
- The study was conducted on 17 show jumpers, and venous blood was collected before and immediately after they completed a show jumping competition.
- Different blood parameters including carbon dioxide pressure, pH, hemoglobin, as well as plasma concentrations of various ions (sodium, chloride, potassium, ionized calcium), total proteins, albumin, lactate, and phosphorus were measured from the obtained samples.
- Calculations were made for bicarbonate levels, anion gap, and globulin concentration from the measured parameters.
- A ‘quantitative analysis’ of acid-base balance was carried out using three independent variables: carbon dioxide pressure, strong ion difference (SID), and total concentration of weak acids.
- Stewart’s equation was used to calculate plasma concentrations of hydrogen ion from these variables.
Results and Findings
- No significant changes were observed in blood pH after the show jumping competition.
- A significant increase was recorded in lactate, sodium, potassium, hemoglobin, total proteins, albumin, globulin, and anion gap after exercise.
- A decrease was observed in bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium levels post exercise.
- The study found a significant correlation between measured and calculated hydrogen ion concentrations both before and after exercise. However, individual hydrogen ion values were not accurately predicted from Stewart’s equation.
Conclusion
- Although the blood pH remained unchanged, significant modifications were found in the acid-base balance of horses post competition, indicating changes in other blood parameters due to exercise.
- Quantitative analysis of acid-base balance unveiled insight into the physiological adaptations of show jumping horses during exertion, proving its adequacy in determining acid-base status in show jumpers before and after exercise.
Cite This Article
APA
Aguilera-Tejero E, Estepa JC, López I, Bas S, Mayer-Valor R, Rodríguez M.
(2000).
Quantitative analysis of acid-base balance in show jumpers before and after exercise.
Res Vet Sci, 68(2), 103-108.
https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.1999.0341 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km. 396, Córdoba, 14014, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Acid-Base Equilibrium / physiology
- Animals
- Calcium / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Lactic Acid / blood
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Potassium / blood
- Protons
- Sodium / blood
- Sports
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Lashkari S, Beblein C, Christensen JW, Jensen SK. The effect of the fat to starch ratio in young horses' diet on plasma metabolites, muscle endurance and fear responses. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2025 Jan;109(1):113-123.
- Titotto AC, Santos MM, Ramos GV, Adão MDS, Benvenuto GV, De Lacerda LCC, Lisbôa JAN, Lacerda-Neto JC. Effect of Lactate Minimum Speed-Guided Training on the Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Status of Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 Oct 21;13(20).
- Sandersen C, Dmitrovic P, Dupont J, Cesarini C, Guyot H, Serteyn D, Kirsch K. Analytical Performance Evaluation of the New GEM(®) Premier™ 5000 in Comparison to the Epoc(®) Blood Gas Analyzer in Horses. Vet Sci 2023 Feb 3;10(2).
- Kirsch K, Fercher C, Horstmann S, von Reitzenstein C, Augustin J, Lagershausen H. Monitoring Performance in Show Jumping Horses: Validity of Non-specific and Discipline-specific Field Exercise Tests for a Practicable Assessment of Aerobic Performance. Front Physiol 2021;12:818381.
- Escalera-Valente F, Alonso ME, Lomillos-Pérez JM, Gaudioso-Lacasa VR, Alonso AJ, González-Montaña JR. Blood Biochemical Variables Found in Lidia Cattle after Intense Exercise. Animals (Basel) 2021 Sep 30;11(10).
- Escalera-Valente F, Alonso ME, Lomillos JM, Gaudioso VR, Alonso ÁJ, González-Montaña JR. Effect of Intense Exercise on Plasma Macrominerals and Trace Elements in Lidia Bulls. Vet Sci 2021 Jun 1;8(6).
- Kirsch K, Sandersen C. Traditional and quantitative analysis of acid-base and electrolyte imbalances in horses competing in cross-country competitions at 2-star to 5-star level. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):909-921.
- Soroko M, Śpitalniak-Bajerska K, Zaborski D, Poźniak B, Dudek K, Janczarek I. Exercise-induced changes in skin temperature and blood parameters in horses. Arch Anim Breed 2019;62(1):205-213.
- Kirsch K, Detilleux J, Serteyn D, Sandersen C. Comparison of two portable clinical analyzers to one stationary analyzer for the determination of blood gas partial pressures and blood electrolyte concentrations in horses. PLoS One 2019;14(2):e0211104.
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