Quantitative pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and the ultrasonographic appearance of the thyroid gland in clinically normal horses.
Abstract: We characterized the scintigraphic and sonographic appearance of the thyroid gland in clinically normal horses to establish the value of these modalities for assessment of the thyroid gland in this species. Horses were divided into two age groups. One group consisted of eight horses between 3 and 10 years of age and the other of seven horses between 11 and 20 years of age. Total T4 concentrations were within the laboratory reference interval in all horses. Thyroid to salivary (T/S) ratio, percent dose uptake of pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) and thyroid lobe volume were calculated. The echogenicity of thyroid lobes and presence of nodules was documented. The two groups were compared using appropriate parametric and nonparametric statistics. Mean total T4 concentration was lower in older horses. Sixty minute mean +/- standard deviation (SD) T/S ratios for old vs. young horses were 5.8 +/- 3.0 and 5.3 +/- 2.2, respectively. Sixty-minute median and interquartile ranges for percent dose uptake of pertechnetate for old vs. young horses were 3.64% (1.5-3.98%) and 2.55% (2.33-2.90%), respectively. Mean +/- SD thyroid lobe volume for old vs. young horses were 18.93 +/- 5.16 cm 3 and 13.55 +/- 3.56 cm3, respectively. Differences between groups were not significant. Most thyroid lobes were hyper or isoechoic to the sternocephalicus muscle. Prevalence of thyroid nodules did not differ between groups. Further study is needed to determine if thyroidal percent dose uptake is significantly different in horses with thyroid dysfunction and if it is clinically useful.
Publication Date: 2010-12-17 PubMed ID: 21158246DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01721.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates both the scintigraphic (using a radioactive tracer to image organs) and sonographic (using sound waves to image organs) appearances of the thyroid gland in healthy horses. The goal was to assess the value of these diagnostic tools for this gland in horses. Horses were split into two age groups and thyroid tests were conducted with no significant differences found between the groups.
Study Design and Groups
- The study involved 15 horses, divided into two age groups. One group had eight horses aged 3 to 10 years, and the other group had seven horses between 11 and 20 years.
- The division into age groups aimed to identify if there were noticeable differences in the thyroid gland properties or functionality with age. The thyroid measurements were expected to be normal for all horses as they were clinically healthy.
Thyroid Gland Assessment
- The study assessed the thyroid gland in several ways: through the Thyroid to Salivary (T/S) ratio, the percent dose uptake of a radioactive tracer called pertechnetate, and the volume of the thyroid lobes.
- The appearance of the thyroid lobes was also checked using ultrasound imaging which captured the echogenicity (the ability of an object to reflect ultrasound waves). The presence of nodules on the thyroid was also documented.
Results and Comparisons
- The results showed that the mean total T4 concentration, a thyroid hormone, was lower in older horses. However, this difference was not statistically significant.
- In terms of the uptake of radioactive tracer, the older horses showed slightly higher values. The volume of the thyroid lobes was also larger in the older horses. But again, these differences were not statistically significant.
- Furthermore, most thyroid lobes appeared either hyper or isoechoic (either more bright or the same brightness) compared to the sternocephalicus muscle, a muscle in the neck that forms part of the horse’s windpipe structure.
- Additionally, there was no difference in the prevalence of thyroid nodules between the two groups of horses.
Conclusions and Further Research
- Ultimately, the study did not find significant differences between the two groups. It suggested that further work is necessary to assess if the tracer uptake metrics vary in horses with thyroid dysfunction compared to healthy horses and if these measures have clinical value.
Cite This Article
APA
Davies S, Barber D, Crisman M, Tan R, Larson M, Daniel G.
(2010).
Quantitative pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and the ultrasonographic appearance of the thyroid gland in clinically normal horses.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 51(6), 674-680.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01721.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Mailcode 0442, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Horses / metabolism
- Male
- Radionuclide Imaging / methods
- Radionuclide Imaging / veterinary
- Radiopharmaceuticals / pharmacokinetics
- Reference Values
- Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m / pharmacokinetics
- Thyroid Gland / diagnostic imaging
- Ultrasonography / methods
- Ultrasonography / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Pankowski F, Paśko S, Bonecka J, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Mickiewicz M, Moroz A, Bartyzel BJ. Ultrasonographic and anatomical examination of normal thyroid and internal parathyroid glands in goats. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233685.
- Wang C, Zhao Y, Shen Y. Inaccuracy of Thyroid to Background Uptake Ratio in Evaluating Technetium-99m-pertechnetate Thyroid Uptake and Establishing an Improved Algorithm. Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol 2019 Spring;7(2):160-171.
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