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Life (Basel, Switzerland)2026; 16(4); 626; doi: 10.3390/life16040626

Radiation in Veterinary Practice: Paradigm Shift Toward Precision and Curative Approaches.

Abstract: Ionizing radiation therapy has undergone a clear paradigm shift in veterinary oncology and inflammatory disease management, moving from mainly palliative use toward structured, curative treatment programs. This review synthesizes current evidence on key modalities used in veterinary practice, including external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, systemic targeted radionuclide therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy, radiosynoviorthesis, and low-dose radiotherapy. Each modality is discussed in relation to its physical and biological basis, major isotopes or beam types, routes of delivery, target species such as dogs, cats, and horses, clinical indications, and global availability. Comparative analysis highlights differences in clinical acceptance, evidence strength, access, and cost. External beam radiotherapy and stereotactic techniques support curative tumor management, whereas radiosynoviorthesis and low-dose radiotherapy are effective for inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Despite ongoing progress, challenges remain in access, dosimetry standardization, and prospective evidence. Companion animals are also emphasized as valuable translational models, guiding future innovation and collaboration internationally.
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Publication Date: 2026-04-08 PubMed ID: 42073435PubMed Central: PMC13117261DOI: 10.3390/life16040626Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Radiation therapy in veterinary medicine is evolving from mainly relieving symptoms to actively curing diseases using advanced, precise treatment techniques. This review summarizes various radiation methods for treating cancer and inflammatory conditions in animals like dogs, cats, and horses, discussing their principles, uses, and challenges.

Overview of Radiation Therapy Modalities in Veterinary Practice

  • External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT):
    • Uses high-energy beams directed from outside the body to treat tumors.
    • Physical basis involves photons or particles targeting cancer cells with precision.
    • Applied mainly for curative cancer treatment in companion animals.
    • Widely available but may have limitations due to equipment cost and required expertise.
  • Brachytherapy:
    • Involves placing radioactive sources directly inside or near tumors.
    • Offers high local radiation doses while sparing surrounding tissues.
    • Used cautiously in veterinary settings due to complexity and safety requirements.
  • Systemic Targeted Radionuclide Therapy:
    • Delivers radioactive isotopes systemically, targeting cancer cells through molecular mechanisms.
    • Emerging modality in veterinary oncology for treating disseminated diseases.
    • Challenges include isotope handling and dosimetry accuracy.
  • Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT):
    • Precise delivery of high-dose radiation in few treatment sessions.
    • Allows curative intent therapies by minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
    • Growing clinical acceptance in veterinary oncology for solid tumors.
  • Radiosynoviorthesis:
    • Injection of radioactive materials into joints to treat inflammatory and degenerative joint disease.
    • Effective for managing chronic inflammation in dogs and horses.
    • Represents a valuable non-surgical intervention.
  • Low-dose Radiotherapy:
    • Uses low radiation doses focusing on reducing inflammation rather than killing cells.
    • Applied in inflammatory and degenerative conditions with promising results.

Clinical Indications and Target Species

  • Dogs, Cats, and Horses:
    • Primary focus of radiation therapies for both oncology and inflammatory diseases.
    • Disease types treated include tumors (e.g., sarcomas, carcinomas) and joint diseases.
    • Species-specific considerations affect choice of modality and dosing.

Comparative Analysis of Modalities

  • Clinical Acceptance and Evidence Strength:
    • EBRT and stereotactic methods have stronger evidence supporting curative outcomes.
    • Radiosynoviorthesis and low-dose RT have demonstrated efficacy in managing inflammatory conditions.
    • Systemic radionuclide therapy and brachytherapy are less commonly used but promising.
  • Access and Cost:
    • Advanced techniques like SRS and SBRT are limited by equipment and expertise availability.
    • Cost is a significant barrier, affecting widespread adoption in veterinary clinics.
    • Radiosynoviorthesis and low-dose RT are more accessible options for non-cancerous conditions.

Challenges and Future Directions

  • Access and Infrastructure:
    • Limited availability of advanced radiation therapy centers for veterinary patients globally.
    • Need for improved integration of these techniques in routine veterinary care.
  • Dosimetry Standardization:
    • Requirement for standardized dose calculation protocols to improve safety and efficacy.
    • Consistency across different institutions helps in comparing outcomes and optimizing treatments.
  • Prospective Evidence and Clinical Trials:
    • More controlled studies needed to validate long-term benefits and optimal protocols.
    • Data from prospective research will strengthen clinical guidelines.
  • Companion Animals as Translational Models:
    • Pets provide valuable insights applicable to human oncology and inflammatory disease treatments.
    • Encourages international collaboration for innovation and research in radiation therapies.

Cite This Article

APA
Mârza SM, Munteanu C, Lăcătuş R, Papuc I, Bora FD, Purdoiu RC. (2026). Radiation in Veterinary Practice: Paradigm Shift Toward Precision and Curative Approaches. Life (Basel), 16(4), 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040626

Publication

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2075-1729
NlmUniqueID: 101580444
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
PII: 626

Researcher Affiliations

Mârza, Sorin Marian
  • Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Munteanu, Camelia
  • Biology Section, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Lăcătuş, Radu
  • Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Papuc, Ionel
  • Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Bora, Florin Dumitru
  • Laboratory of Chromatography, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, Faculty of Horticulture and Business for Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Purdoiu, Robert Cristian
  • Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Grant Funding

  • Internal project 6059 / University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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