Recent developments in elucidating tick vector relationships for anaplasmosis and equine piroplasmosis.
Abstract: This brief review focuses first on several epidemiologically relevant aspects of anaplasmosis, including: (1) the role of male ticks as intrastadial, biological vectors of Anaplasma through interhost transfer; (2) the application of molecular diagnostic assays in assessing tick vector competence and evaluating the role of chronically infected carrier cattle as sources of Anaplasma marginale infection in vector ticks; (3) opportunities provided by a recently developed in vitro tick feeding system in quantitating studies of tick-hemoparasite-host interactions. Lastly, current knowledge of the status of New World ticks as experimental and/or natural vectors of equine piroplasms is discussed.
Publication Date: 1995-03-01 PubMed ID: 7597797DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)03114-cGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Review
- Anaplasmosis
- Animal Health
- Animal Science
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Transmission
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- In Vitro Research
- Infectious Disease
- Parasites
- Theileria equi
- Ticks
- Vector-borne disease
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
Summary
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This research paper addresses progress in understanding how ticks transmit anaplasmosis and equine piroplasmosis, and explores methods for evaluating tick’s abilities to spread these diseases.
Anaplasmosis and the Role of Male Ticks
- The paper first delves into the role of male ticks in the transfer of Anaplasma, a bacteria that causes the disease anaplasmosis. Particular attention is given to male ticks as intrastadial, biological vectors. Intrastadial transmission refers to a tick transferring infection during the same life stage (for example, as a nymph or as an adult).
Utilization of Molecular Diagnostic Assays
- The use of molecular diagnostic assays in assessing the capability of ticks to transmit Anaplasma is evaluated next. This includes the identification of chronically infected carrier cattle, which can serve as sources of infection for the ticks.
In Vitro Tick Feeding System
- The study also reviews a new in vitro tick feeding system (a lab-based system that simulates the conditions of tick feeding), which can aid in quantifying studies focused on the interaction between ticks, hemoparasites (blood parasites), and hosts.
Status of New World Ticks as Vectors of Equine Piroplasms
- Lastly, the document presents an overview of the status of New World ticks. These are ticks found in the western hemisphere, including North, Central, and South America. The section delves into these ticks as experimental and natural vectors (carriers) of equine piroplasms.
- Equine piroplasms are parasites that cause equine piroplasmosis, a disease of horses characterised by fever, anemia, haemoglobinuria, icterus, and death.
Cite This Article
APA
Stiller D, Coan ME.
(1995).
Recent developments in elucidating tick vector relationships for anaplasmosis and equine piroplasmosis.
Vet Parasitol, 57(1-3), 97-108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)03114-c Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS-USDA, Moscow, ID 83844-2201, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Anaplasmosis / diagnosis
- Anaplasmosis / epidemiology
- Anaplasmosis / transmission
- Animals
- Babesiosis / diagnosis
- Babesiosis / epidemiology
- Babesiosis / transmission
- Canada / epidemiology
- Dermacentor
- Horse Diseases
- Horses
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tick-Borne Diseases / diagnosis
- Tick-Borne Diseases / epidemiology
- Tick-Borne Diseases / transmission
- Ticks
- United States / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Scoles GA, Ueti MW. Amblyomma cajennense is an intrastadial biological vector of Theileria equi. Parasit Vectors 2013 Oct 23;6(1):306.
- Peckle M, Pires MS, Dos Santos TM, Roier EC, da Silva CB, Vilela JA, Santos HA, Massard CL. Molecular epidemiology of Theileria equi in horses and their association with possible tick vectors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2013 May;112(5):2017-25.
- Scoles GA, Hutcheson HJ, Schlater JL, Hennager SG, Pelzel AM, Knowles DP. Equine piroplasmosis associated with Amblyomma cajennense Ticks, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2011 Oct;17(10):1903-5.
- McClure JC, Crothers ML, Schaefer JJ, Stanley PD, Needham GR, Ewing SA, Stich RW. Efficacy of a doxycycline treatment regimen initiated during three different phases of experimental ehrlichiosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010 Dec;54(12):5012-20.
- Stich RW, Schaefer JJ, Bremer WG, Needham GR, Jittapalapong S. Host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, Ehrlichia canis. Vet Parasitol 2008 Dec 20;158(4):256-73.
- Lankester MW, Scandrett WB, Golsteyn-Thomas EJ, Chilton NC, Gajadhar AA. Experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by Anaplasma marginale) by means of Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni (Ixodidae) collected in western Canada. Can J Vet Res 2007 Oct;71(4):271-7.
- Bremer WG, Schaefer JJ, Wagner ER, Ewing SA, Rikihisa Y, Needham GR, Jittapalapong S, Moore DL, Stich RW. Transstadial and intrastadial experimental transmission of Ehrlichia canis by male Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Vet Parasitol 2005 Jul 15;131(1-2):95-105.
- Hofmann-Lehmann R, Meli ML, Dreher UM, Gönczi E, Deplazes P, Braun U, Engels M, Schüpbach J, Jörger K, Thoma R, Griot C, Stärk KD, Willi B, Schmidt J, Kocan KM, Lutz H. Concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens associated with fatal hemolytic anemia in a cattle herd in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 2004 Aug;42(8):3775-80.
- Futse JE, Ueti MW, Knowles DP Jr, Palmer GH. Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Boophilus microplus: retention of vector competence in the absence of vector-pathogen interaction. J Clin Microbiol 2003 Aug;41(8):3829-34.
- Axt CW, Springer A, Strube C, Jung C, Naucke TJ, Müller E, Schäfer I. Molecular and Serological Detection of Vector-Borne Pathogens Responsible for Equine Piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021. Microorganisms 2024 Apr 17;12(4).
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