Virology1994; 205(1); 17-23; doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1615

Receptor specificity in human, avian, and equine H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates.

Abstract: The receptor specificity of 56 H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates from various animal species has been determined to test the relevance of receptor specificity to the ecology of influenza virus. The results show that the receptor specificity of both H2 and H3 isolates evaluated for sialic acid linkage specificity and inhibition of hemagglutination by horse serum correlates with the species of origin, as postulated earlier for H3 strains based on a limited survey of five human, three avian, and one equine strain. Elucidation of the amino acid sequence of several human H2 receptor variants and analysis of known sequences of H2 and H3 isolates revealed that receptor specificity varies in association with an amino acid change at residues 228 in addition to the change at residue 226 previously documented to affect receptor specificity of H3 but not H1 isolates. Residues 226 and 228 are leucine and serine in human isolates, which preferentially bind sialic acid alpha 2,6-galactose beta 1,4-N-acetyl glucosamine (SA alpha 2,6Gal), and glutamine and glycine in avian and equine isolates, which exhibit specificity for sialic acid alpha-2,3-galactose beta-1,3-N-acetyl galactosamine (SA alpha 2,3Gal). The results demonstrate that the correlation of receptor specificity and species of origin is maintained across both H2 and H3 influenza virus serotypes and provide compelling evidence that influenza virus hosts exert selective pressure to maintain the receptor specificity characteristics of strains isolated from that species.
Publication Date: 1994-11-15 PubMed ID: 7975212DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1615Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines how the receptor specificity, which refers to the ability of a virus to attach to a host cell, of H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates differs among humans, birds, and horses. The researchers found that the receptor specificity varies depending on the species from which a strain is isolated and is influenced by an animal host’s selective pressure.

Relevance of Receptor Specificity in Influenza Virus Ecology

  • The study tested the receptor specificity of 56 H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates from various species. The research aimed to establish the relevance of receptor specificity concerning the ecology of the influenza virus.
  • The results indicated that the receptor specificity of both H2 and H3 isolates for sialic acid linkage specificity and inhibition of hemagglutination by horse serum aligns with the isolates’ species of origin.

Amino Acid Sequences and Receptor Specificity

  • The study delved into the amino acid sequence to highlight the receptor specificity variation associated with an amino acid change at residues 228, in addition to a previously documented change at residue 226 that affects H3, but not H1, isolates.
  • Thus, the amino acid sequence plays a critical role in determining a virus strain’s receptor specificity.

Correlation Between Receptor Specificity and Species of Origin

  • The study verified that the correlation between receptor specificity and the species of origin remains consistent across both H2 and H3 influenza virus serotypes.
  • Human isolates favor a specific kind of sialic acid bond, while avian and equine isolates prefer another type, which suggests that receptor specificity varies in accordance with the species of the host.

Species-Related Selective Pressure

  • The study offers substantial evidence that the host species of the influenza virus can exercise selective pressure to maintain the receptor specificity characteristics of isolated strains from the specific species.
  • This means that the animal hosts could have a significant impact on receptor specificity, driving viral evolution within their species.

Cite This Article

APA
Connor RJ, Kawaoka Y, Webster RG, Paulson JC. (1994). Receptor specificity in human, avian, and equine H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates. Virology, 205(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1994.1615

Publication

ISSN: 0042-6822
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 205
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-23

Researcher Affiliations

Connor, R J
  • Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1737.
Kawaoka, Y
    Webster, R G
      Paulson, J C

        MeSH Terms

        • Amino Acid Sequence
        • Amino Acids / genetics
        • Animals
        • Carbohydrate Sequence
        • Chick Embryo
        • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
        • Hemagglutinins, Viral / genetics
        • Influenza A virus / metabolism
        • Molecular Sequence Data
        • Receptors, Virus / metabolism
        • Species Specificity
        • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics

        Grant Funding

        • AI 29599 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • AI-08831 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • CA-21765 / NCI NIH HHS

        Citations

        This article has been cited 367 times.
        1. Volpe S, Irish J, Palumbo S, Lee E, Herbert J, Ramadan I, Chang EH. Viral infections and chronic rhinosinusitis.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023 Oct;152(4):819-826.
          doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.018pubmed: 37574080google scholar: lookup
        2. Doostkam A, Malekmakan L, Hosseinpour A, Janfeshan S, Roozbeh J, Masjedi F. Sialic acid: an attractive biomarker with promising biomedical applications.. Asian Biomed (Res Rev News) 2022 Aug;16(4):153-167.
          doi: 10.2478/abm-2022-0020pubmed: 37551166google scholar: lookup
        3. Park JS, Woo SJ, Song CS, Han JY. Modification of surface glycan by expression of beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (B4GALNT2) confers resistance to multiple viruses infection in chicken fibroblast cell.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1160600.
          doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160600pubmed: 37483287google scholar: lookup
        4. Liu M, Bakker AS, Narimatsu Y, van Kuppeveld FJM, Clausen H, de Haan CAM, de Vries E. H3N2 influenza A virus gradually adapts to human-type receptor binding and entry specificity after the start of the 1968 pandemic.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023 Aug;120(31):e2304992120.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.2304992120pubmed: 37467282google scholar: lookup
        5. Huang P, Sun L, Li J, Wu Q, Rezaei N, Jiang S, Pan C. Potential cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses to humans calls for the development of H5-specific and universal influenza vaccines.. Cell Discov 2023 Jun 16;9(1):58.
          doi: 10.1038/s41421-023-00571-xpubmed: 37328456google scholar: lookup
        6. An SH, Hong SM, Song JH, Son SE, Lee CY, Choi KS, Kwon HJ. Engineering an Optimal Y280-Lineage H9N2 Vaccine Strain by Tuning PB2 Activity.. Int J Mol Sci 2023 May 16;24(10).
          doi: 10.3390/ijms24108840pubmed: 37240186google scholar: lookup
        7. Chen M, Lyu Y, Wu F, Zhang Y, Li H, Wang R, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhou L, Zhang M, Tong Q, Sun H, Pu J, Liu J, Sun Y. Increased public health threat of avian-origin H3N2 influenza virus caused by its evolution in dogs.. Elife 2023 Apr 6;12.
          doi: 10.7554/eLife.83470pubmed: 37021778google scholar: lookup
        8. Rehman S, Prasetya RR, Rahardjo K, Effendi MH, Rantam FA, Rahmahani J, Witaningrum AM, Nastri AM, Dewantari JR, Mori Y, Shimizu K. Whole-genome sequence and genesis of an avian influenza virus H5N1 isolated from a healthy chicken in a live bird market in Indonesia: accumulation of mammalian adaptation markers in avian hosts.. PeerJ 2023;11:e14917.
          doi: 10.7717/peerj.14917pubmed: 36846456google scholar: lookup
        9. Jaiswal M, Zhou M, Guo J, Tran TT, Kundu S, Jaufer AM, Fanucci GE, Guo Z. Different Biophysical Properties of Cell Surface u03b12,3- and u03b12,6-Sialoglycans Revealed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies.. J Phys Chem B 2023 Mar 2;127(8):1749-1757.
          doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09048pubmed: 36808907google scholar: lookup
        10. Stadejek W, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Infectivity and transmissibility of an avian H3N1 influenza virus in pigs.. Vet Res 2023 Jan 24;54(1):4.
          doi: 10.1186/s13567-022-01133-xpubmed: 36694192google scholar: lookup
        11. Mo JS, Abente EJ, Cardenas Perez M, Sutton TC, Cowan B, Ferreri LM, Geiger G, Gauger PC, Perez DR, Vincent Baker AL, Rajao DS. Transmission of Human Influenza A Virus in Pigs Selects for Adaptive Mutations on the HA Gene.. J Virol 2022 Nov 23;96(22):e0148022.
          doi: 10.1128/jvi.01480-22pubmed: 36317880google scholar: lookup
        12. Boravleva E, Treshchalina A, Postnikova Y, Gambaryan A, Belyakova A, Sadykova G, Prilipov A, Lomakina N, Ishmukhametov A. Molecular Characteristics, Receptor Specificity, and Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Ducks in Russia.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Sep 16;23(18).
          doi: 10.3390/ijms231810829pubmed: 36142740google scholar: lookup
        13. Uyeki TM, Hui DS, Zambon M, Wentworth DE, Monto AS. Influenza.. Lancet 2022 Aug 27;400(10353):693-706.
          doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00982-5pubmed: 36030813google scholar: lookup
        14. Adlhoch C, Fusaro A, Gonzales JL, Kuiken T, Marangon S, Niqueux u00c9, Staubach C, Terregino C, Aznar I, Guajardo IM, Baldinelli F. Avian influenza overview March - June 2022.. EFSA J 2022 Aug;20(8):e07415.
          doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415pubmed: 35949938google scholar: lookup
        15. Kamiki H, Murakami S, Nishikaze T, Hiono T, Igarashi M, Furuse Y, Matsugo H, Ishida H, Katayama M, Sekine W, Muraki Y, Takahashi M, Takenaka-Uema A, Horimoto T. Influenza A Virus Agnostic Receptor Tropism Revealed Using a Novel Biological System with Terminal Sialic Acid Knockout Cells.. J Virol 2022 Aug 10;96(15):e0041622.
          doi: 10.1128/jvi.00416-22pubmed: 35862707google scholar: lookup
        16. van de Ven K, van Dijken H, Du W, de Heij F, Mouthaan J, Spijkers S, van den Brink S, Roholl P, de Haan CAM, de Jonge J. Varying Viral Replication and Disease Profiles of H2N2 Influenza in Ferrets Is Associated with Virus Isolate and Inoculation Route.. J Virol 2022 Jul 27;96(14):e0073222.
          doi: 10.1128/jvi.00732-22pubmed: 35862678google scholar: lookup
        17. Praena B, Wan XF. Influenza Virus Infections in Polarized Cells.. Viruses 2022 Jun 15;14(6).
          doi: 10.3390/v14061307pubmed: 35746778google scholar: lookup
        18. Nemanichvili N, Spruit CM, Berends AJ, Gru00f6ne A, Rijks JM, Verheije MH, de Vries RP. Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids.. Glycobiology 2022 Aug 18;32(9):791-802.
          doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwac033pubmed: 35648131google scholar: lookup
        19. Yang JR, Kuo CY, Yu IL, Kung FY, Wu FT, Lin JS, Liu MT. Human infection with a reassortant swine-origin influenza A(H1N2)v virus in Taiwan, 2021.. Virol J 2022 Apr 7;19(1):63.
          doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01794-2pubmed: 35392932google scholar: lookup
        20. Ekanger CT, Zhou F, Bohan D, Lotsberg ML, Ramnefjell M, Hoareau L, Ru00f8sland GV, Lu N, Aanerud M, Gu00e4rtner F, Salminen PR, Bentsen M, Halvorsen T, Ru00e6der H, Akslen LA, Langeland N, Cox R, Maury W, Stuhr LEB, Lorens JB, Engelsen AST. Human Organotypic Airway and Lung Organoid Cells of Bronchiolar and Alveolar Differentiation Are Permissive to Infection by Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Virus.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:841447.
          doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.841447pubmed: 35360113google scholar: lookup
        21. Mocanu ML, Amariei S. Elderberries-A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiviral Action.. Plants (Basel) 2022 Mar 10;11(6).
          doi: 10.3390/plants11060740pubmed: 35336621google scholar: lookup
        22. An SH, Son SE, Song JH, Hong SM, Lee CY, Lee NH, Jeong YJ, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kang HM, Choi KS, Kwon HJ. Selection of an Optimal Recombinant Egyptian H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Strain for Poultry with High Antigenicity and Safety.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Jan 21;10(2).
          doi: 10.3390/vaccines10020162pubmed: 35214621google scholar: lookup
        23. Webster ER, Liu KN, Rawle RJ, Boxer SG. Modulating the Influenza A Virus-Target Membrane Fusion Interface With Synthetic DNA-Lipid Receptors.. Langmuir 2022 Feb 22;38(7):2354-2362.
          doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03247pubmed: 35143209google scholar: lookup
        24. Suderman M, Moniwa M, Alkie TN, Ojkic D, Broes A, Pople N, Berhane Y. Comparative Susceptibility of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Derived Cell Lines for Isolation of Swine Origin Influenza A Viruses from Different Clinical Specimens.. Viruses 2021 Nov 23;13(12).
          doi: 10.3390/v13122346pubmed: 34960614google scholar: lookup
        25. West J, Ru00f6der J, Matrosovich T, Beicht J, Baumann J, Mounogou Kouassi N, Doedt J, Bovin N, Zamperin G, Gastaldelli M, Salviato A, Bonfante F, Kosakovsky Pond S, Herfst S, Fouchier R, Wilhelm J, Klenk HD, Matrosovich M. Characterization of changes in the hemagglutinin that accompanied the emergence of H3N2/1968 pandemic influenza viruses.. PLoS Pathog 2021 Sep;17(9):e1009566.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009566pubmed: 34555124google scholar: lookup
        26. Zhao Y, Zou J, Gao Q, Xie S, Cao J, Zhou H. CMAS and ST3GAL4 Play an Important Role in the Adsorption of Influenza Virus by Affecting the Synthesis of Sialic Acid Receptors.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jun 4;22(11).
          doi: 10.3390/ijms22116081pubmed: 34200006google scholar: lookup
        27. Le Sage V, Kormuth KA, Nturibi E, Lee JM, Frizzell SA, Myerburg MM, Bloom JD, Lakdawala SS. Cell-Culture Adaptation of H3N2 Influenza Virus Impacts Acid Stability and Reduces Airborne Transmission in Ferret Model.. Viruses 2021 Apr 21;13(5).
          doi: 10.3390/v13050719pubmed: 33919124google scholar: lookup
        28. Zhang X, Li Y, Jin S, Zhang Y, Sun L, Hu X, Zhao M, Li F, Wang T, Sun W, Feng N, Wang H, He H, Zhao Y, Yang S, Xia X, Gao Y. PB1 S524G mutation of wild bird-origin H3N8 influenza A virus enhances virulence and fitness for transmission in mammals.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021 Dec;10(1):1038-1051.
          doi: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1912644pubmed: 33840358google scholar: lookup
        29. Flerlage T, Boyd DF, Meliopoulos V, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract.. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021 Jul;19(7):425-441.
          doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00542-7pubmed: 33824495google scholar: lookup
        30. Kuchipudi SV, Nelli RK, Gontu A, Satyakumar R, Surendran Nair M, Subbiah M. Sialic Acid Receptors: The Key to Solving the Enigma of Zoonotic Virus Spillover.. Viruses 2021 Feb 8;13(2).
          doi: 10.3390/v13020262pubmed: 33567791google scholar: lookup
        31. Keller LA, Merkel O, Popp A. Intranasal drug delivery: opportunities and toxicologic challenges during drug development.. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022 Apr;12(4):735-757.
          doi: 10.1007/s13346-020-00891-5pubmed: 33491126google scholar: lookup
        32. Du W, de Vries E, van Kuppeveld FJM, Matrosovich M, de Haan CAM. Second sialic acid-binding site of influenza A virus neuraminidase: binding receptors for efficient release.. FEBS J 2021 Oct;288(19):5598-5612.
          doi: 10.1111/febs.15668pubmed: 33314755google scholar: lookup
        33. Baker AN, Richards SJ, Guy CS, Congdon TR, Hasan M, Zwetsloot AJ, Gallo A, Lewandowski JR, Stansfeld PJ, Straube A, Walker M, Chessa S, Pergolizzi G, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. The SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein Binds Sialic Acids and Enables Rapid Detection in a Lateral Flow Point of Care Diagnostic Device.. ACS Cent Sci 2020 Nov 25;6(11):2046-2052.
          doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00855pubmed: 33269329google scholar: lookup
        34. Nasamran C, Janetanakit T, Chiyawong S, Boonyapisitsopa S, Bunpapong N, Prakairungnamthip D, Thontiravong A, Amonsin A. Persistence of pdm2009-H1N1 internal genes of swine influenza in pigs, Thailand.. Sci Rep 2020 Nov 16;10(1):19847.
          doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76771-2pubmed: 33199784google scholar: lookup
        35. Atack JM, Day CJ, Poole J, Brockman KL, Timms JRL, Winter LE, Haselhorst T, Bakaletz LO, Barenkamp SJ, Jennings MP. The Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Major Adhesin Hia Is a Dual-Function Lectin That Binds to Human-Specific Respiratory Tract Sialic Acid Glycan Receptors.. mBio 2020 Nov 3;11(6).
          doi: 10.1128/mBio.02714-20pubmed: 33144377google scholar: lookup
        36. Thompson AJ, Paulson JC. Adaptation of influenza viruses to human airway receptors.. J Biol Chem 2021 Jan-Jun;296:100017.
          doi: 10.1074/jbc.REV120.013309pubmed: 33144323google scholar: lookup
        37. Herfst S, Zhang J, Richard M, McBride R, Lexmond P, Bestebroer TM, Spronken MIJ, de Meulder D, van den Brand JM, Rosu ME, Martin SR, Gamblin SJ, Xiong X, Peng W, Bodewes R, van der Vries E, Osterhaus ADME, Paulson JC, Skehel JJ, Fouchier RAM. Hemagglutinin Traits Determine Transmission of Avian A/H10N7 Influenza Virus between Mammals.. Cell Host Microbe 2020 Oct 7;28(4):602-613.e7.
          doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.08.011pubmed: 33031770google scholar: lookup
        38. Wu NC, Wilson IA. Structural Biology of Influenza Hemagglutinin: An Amaranthine Adventure.. Viruses 2020 Sep 22;12(9).
          doi: 10.3390/v12091053pubmed: 32971825google scholar: lookup
        39. Wielgat P, Rogowski K, Godlewska K, Car H. Coronaviruses: Is Sialic Acid a Gate to the Eye of Cytokine Storm? From the Entry to the Effects.. Cells 2020 Aug 25;9(9).
          doi: 10.3390/cells9091963pubmed: 32854433google scholar: lookup
        40. Du W, Wolfert MA, Peeters B, van Kuppeveld FJM, Boons GJ, de Vries E, de Haan CAM. Mutation of the second sialic acid-binding site of influenza A virus neuraminidase drives compensatory mutations in hemagglutinin.. PLoS Pathog 2020 Aug;16(8):e1008816.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008816pubmed: 32853241google scholar: lookup
        41. Jansen AJG, Spaan T, Low HZ, Di Iorio D, van den Brand J, Tieke M, Barendrecht A, Rohn K, van Amerongen G, Stittelaar K, Baumgu00e4rtner W, Osterhaus A, Kuiken T, Boons GJ, Huskens J, Boes M, Maas C, van der Vries E. Influenza-induced thrombocytopenia is dependent on the subtype and sialoglycan receptor and increases with virus pathogenicity.. Blood Adv 2020 Jul 14;4(13):2967-2978.
        42. Sun H, Xiao Y, Liu J, Wang D, Li F, Wang C, Li C, Zhu J, Song J, Sun H, Jiang Z, Liu L, Zhang X, Wei K, Hou D, Pu J, Sun Y, Tong Q, Bi Y, Chang KC, Liu S, Gao GF, Liu J. Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Jul 21;117(29):17204-17210.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921186117pubmed: 32601207google scholar: lookup
        43. Yang H, Carney PJ, Chang JC, Stevens J. Molecular characterization and three-dimensional structures of avian H8, H11, H14, H15 and swine H4 influenza virus hemagglutinins.. Heliyon 2020 Jun;6(6):e04068.
          doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04068pubmed: 32529072google scholar: lookup
        44. Gamblin SJ, Vachieri SG, Xiong X, Zhang J, Martin SR, Skehel JJ. Hemagglutinin Structure and Activities.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021 Oct 1;11(10).
          doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038638pubmed: 32513673google scholar: lookup
        45. Bisset AT, Hoyne GF. Evolution and Adaptation of the Avian H7N9 Virus into the Human Host.. Microorganisms 2020 May 21;8(5).
          doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050778pubmed: 32455845google scholar: lookup
        46. Chauhan RP, Gordon ML. A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide.. Pathogens 2020 May 8;9(5).
          doi: 10.3390/pathogens9050355pubmed: 32397138google scholar: lookup
        47. Hu C, Li X, Zhu C, Zhou F, Tang W, Wu D, Li Z, Zhou L, Liu J, Wei X, Cui J, Wang T, He G. Co-circulation of multiple reassortant H6 subtype avian influenza viruses in wild birds in eastern China, 2016-2017.. Virol J 2020 Apr 29;17(1):62.
          doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01331-zpubmed: 32349760google scholar: lookup
        48. . Scientific Report of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on "Food as a possible source of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses for humans and other mammals".. EFSA J 2006 Mar;4(3):74r.
          doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.74rpubmed: 32313577google scholar: lookup
        49. Thompson AJ, Cao L, Ma Y, Wang X, Diedrich JK, Kikuchi C, Willis S, Worth C, McBride R, Yates JR 3rd, Paulson JC. Human Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins Contain Conserved Oligomannose N-Linked Glycans Allowing Potent Neutralization by Lectins.. Cell Host Microbe 2020 May 13;27(5):725-735.e5.
          doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.009pubmed: 32298658google scholar: lookup
        50. Venkatesh D, Bianco C, Nu00fau00f1ez A, Collins R, Thorpe D, Reid SM, Brookes SM, Essen S, McGinn N, Seekings J, Cooper J, Brown IH, Lewis NS. Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup.. Virus Evol 2020 Jan;6(1):veaa016.
          doi: 10.1093/ve/veaa016pubmed: 32211197google scholar: lookup
        51. Jia N, Byrd-Leotis L, Matsumoto Y, Gao C, Wein AN, Lobby JL, Kohlmeier JE, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD. The Human Lung Glycome Reveals Novel Glycan Ligands for Influenza A Virus.. Sci Rep 2020 Mar 24;10(1):5320.
          doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62074-zpubmed: 32210305google scholar: lookup
        52. Richards SJ, Baker AN, Walker M, Gibson MI. Polymer-Stabilized Sialylated Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Optimization, and Differential Binding to Influenza Hemagglutinins.. Biomacromolecules 2020 Apr 13;21(4):1604-1612.
          doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00179pubmed: 32191036google scholar: lookup
        53. Zhao Y, Sun F, Li L, Chen T, Cao S, Ding G, Cong F, Liu J, Qin L, Liu S, Xiao Y. Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China.. Viruses 2020 Mar 9;12(3).
          doi: 10.3390/v12030298pubmed: 32182849google scholar: lookup
        54. Wang D, Zhu W, Yang L, Shu Y. The Epidemiology, Virology, and Pathogenicity of Human Infections with Avian Influenza Viruses.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021 Apr 1;11(4).
          doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038620pubmed: 31964651google scholar: lookup
        55. Chan M, Leung A, Hisanaga T, Pickering B, Griffin BD, Vendramelli R, Tailor N, Wong G, Bi Y, Babiuk S, Berhane Y, Kobasa D. H7N9 Influenza Virus Containing a Polybasic HA Cleavage Site Requires Minimal Host Adaptation to Obtain a Highly Pathogenic Disease Phenotype in Mice.. Viruses 2020 Jan 5;12(1).
          doi: 10.3390/v12010065pubmed: 31948040google scholar: lookup
        56. Lina L, Saijuan C, Chengyu W, Yuefeng L, Shishan D, Ligong C, Kangkang G, Zhendong G, Jiakai L, Jianhui Z, Qingping L, Wenting Z, Yu S, Honglin W, Tengfei Z, Guoyuan W, Jiping Z, Chunmao Z, Meilin J, Yuwei G, Huabin S, Zongzheng Z. Adaptive amino acid substitutions enable transmission of an H9N2 avian influenza virus in guinea pigs.. Sci Rep 2019 Dec 24;9(1):19734.
          doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56122-6pubmed: 31875046google scholar: lookup
        57. Wu NC, Wilson IA. Influenza Hemagglutinin Structures and Antibody Recognition.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020 Aug 3;10(8).
          doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038778pubmed: 31871236google scholar: lookup
        58. Sharma V, Sharma M, Dhull D, Kaushik S, Kaushik S. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) virus isolates from Haryana, India.. Virusdisease 2019 Sep;30(3):336-343.
          doi: 10.1007/s13337-019-00532-7pubmed: 31803799google scholar: lookup
        59. Yeo SJ, Than DD, Park HS, Sung HW, Park H. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018.. Viruses 2019 Nov 10;11(11).
          doi: 10.3390/v11111046pubmed: 31717636google scholar: lookup
        60. Park SS. Post-Glycosylation Modification of Sialic Acid and Its Role in Virus Pathogenesis.. Vaccines (Basel) 2019 Nov 1;7(4).
          doi: 10.3390/vaccines7040171pubmed: 31683930google scholar: lookup
        61. Byrd-Leotis L, Gao C, Jia N, Mehta AY, Trost J, Cummings SF, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA. Antigenic Pressure on H3N2 Influenza Virus Drift Strains Imposes Constraints on Binding to Sialylated Receptors but Not Phosphorylated Glycans.. J Virol 2019 Nov 15;93(22).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01178-19pubmed: 31484755google scholar: lookup
        62. Jankowski MD, Glaberman SR, Kimball DB, Taylor-McCabe KJ, Fair JM. Sialic acid on avian erythrocytes.. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019 Dec;238:110336.
          doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110336pubmed: 31476363google scholar: lookup
        63. Suttie A, Deng YM, Greenhill AR, Dussart P, Horwood PF, Karlsson EA. Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses.. Virus Genes 2019 Dec;55(6):739-768.
          doi: 10.1007/s11262-019-01700-zpubmed: 31428925google scholar: lookup
        64. Ujie M, Takada K, Kiso M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Ito M, Nakamura K, Watanabe S, Imai M, Kawaoka Y. Long-term culture of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells enhances the replication of human influenza A viruses.. J Gen Virol 2019 Oct;100(10):1345-1349.
          doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001314pubmed: 31424377google scholar: lookup
        65. Lu W, Du W, Somovilla VJ, Yu G, Haksar D, de Vries E, Boons GJ, de Vries RP, de Haan CAM, Pieters RJ. Enhanced Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Adhesion by Di- and Trivalent Hemagglutinin Inhibitors.. J Med Chem 2019 Jul 11;62(13):6398-6404.
          doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00303pubmed: 31251606google scholar: lookup
        66. Du W, Guo H, Nijman VS, Doedt J, van der Vries E, van der Lee J, Li Z, Boons GJ, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Vries E, Matrosovich M, de Haan CAM. The 2nd sialic acid-binding site of influenza A virus neuraminidase is an important determinant of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase-receptor balance.. PLoS Pathog 2019 Jun;15(6):e1007860.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007860pubmed: 31181126google scholar: lookup
        67. Du R, Cui Q, Rong L. Competitive Cooperation of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase during Influenza A Virus Entry.. Viruses 2019 May 20;11(5).
          doi: 10.3390/v11050458pubmed: 31137516google scholar: lookup
        68. Guan M, Hall JS, Zhang X, Dusek RJ, Olivier AK, Liu L, Li L, Krauss S, Danner A, Li T, Rutvisuttinunt W, Lin X, Hallgrimsson GT, Ragnarsdottir SB, Vignisson SR, TeSlaa J, Nashold SW, Jarman R, Wan XF. Aerosol Transmission of Gull-Origin Iceland Subtype H10N7 Influenza A Virus in Ferrets.. J Virol 2019 Jul 1;93(13).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00282-19pubmed: 30996092google scholar: lookup
        69. Di Iorio D, Verheijden ML, van der Vries E, Jonkheijm P, Huskens J. Weak Multivalent Binding of Influenza Hemagglutinin Nanoparticles at a Sialoglycan-Functionalized Supported Lipid Bilayer.. ACS Nano 2019 Mar 26;13(3):3413-3423.
          doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09410pubmed: 30844236google scholar: lookup
        70. Nuu00f1ez IA, Ross TM. A review of H5Nx avian influenza viruses.. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2019;7:2515135518821625.
          doi: 10.1177/2515135518821625pubmed: 30834359google scholar: lookup
        71. Byrd-Leotis L, Jia N, Dutta S, Trost JF, Gao C, Cummings SF, Braulke T, Mu00fcller-Loennies S, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD. Influenza binds phosphorylated glycans from human lung.. Sci Adv 2019 Feb;5(2):eaav2554.
          doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2554pubmed: 30788437google scholar: lookup
        72. Rajao DS, Vincent AL, Perez DR. Adaptation of Human Influenza Viruses to Swine.. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:347.
          doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00347pubmed: 30723723google scholar: lookup
        73. Zhao Z, Liu L, Guo Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wen G, Zhang W, Shang Y, Zhang T, Jiao Z, Chen L, Zhang C, Cui H, Jin M, Wang C, Luo Q, Shao H. A Novel Reassortant Avian H7N6 Influenza Virus Is Transmissible in Guinea Pigs via Respiratory Droplets.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:18.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00018pubmed: 30723462google scholar: lookup
        74. Gutierrez B, Escalera-Zamudio M, Pybus OG. Parallel molecular evolution and adaptation in viruses.. Curr Opin Virol 2019 Feb;34:90-96.
          doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.006pubmed: 30703578google scholar: lookup
        75. Kobayashi T, Matsugo H, Maruyama J, Kamiki H, Takada A, Maeda K, Takenaka-Uema A, Tohya Y, Murakami S, Horimoto T. Characterization of a novel species of adenovirus from Japanese microbat and role of CXADR as its entry factor.. Sci Rep 2019 Jan 24;9(1):573.
          doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37224-zpubmed: 30679679google scholar: lookup
        76. Briand FX, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Beven V, Lucas P, Allu00e9e C, Chatel M, Touzain F, Blanchard Y, Eterradossi N. Identification of a Divergent Avian Influenza H3N2 Virus from Domestic Ducks in France.. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018 Dec;7(23).
          doi: 10.1128/MRA.00943-18pubmed: 30574576google scholar: lookup
        77. Obadan AO, Santos J, Ferreri L, Thompson AJ, Carnaccini S, Geiger G, Gonzalez Reiche AS, Raju00e3o DS, Paulson JC, Perez DR. Flexibility In Vitro of Amino Acid 226 in the Receptor-Binding Site of an H9 Subtype Influenza A Virus and Its Effect In Vivo on Virus Replication, Tropism, and Transmission.. J Virol 2019 Mar 15;93(6).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02011-18pubmed: 30567980google scholar: lookup
        78. Sealy JE, Yaqub T, Peacock TP, Chang P, Ermetal B, Clements A, Sadeyen JR, Mehboob A, Shelton H, Bryant JE, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Iqbal M. Association of Increased Receptor-Binding Avidity of Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses with Escape from Antibody-Based Immunity and Enhanced Zoonotic Potential.. Emerg Infect Dis 2018 Jan;25(1):63-72.
          doi: 10.3201/eid2501.180616pubmed: 30561311google scholar: lookup
        79. Kamiki H, Matsugo H, Kobayashi T, Ishida H, Takenaka-Uema A, Murakami S, Horimoto T. A PB1-K577E Mutation in H9N2 Influenza Virus Increases Polymerase Activity and Pathogenicity in Mice.. Viruses 2018 Nov 19;10(11).
          doi: 10.3390/v10110653pubmed: 30463209google scholar: lookup
        80. Santos JJS, Abente EJ, Obadan AO, Thompson AJ, Ferreri L, Geiger G, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Lewis NS, Burke DF, Raju00e3o DS, Paulson JC, Vincent AL, Perez DR. Plasticity of Amino Acid Residue 145 Near the Receptor Binding Site of H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses and Its Impact on Receptor Binding and Antibody Recognition.. J Virol 2019 Jan 15;93(2).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01413-18pubmed: 30355680google scholar: lookup
        81. Tong J, Fu Y, Meng F, Kru00fcger N, Valentin-Weigand P, Herrler G. The Sialic Acid Binding Activity of Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Mumps Virus Glycoproteins Enhances the Adherence of Group B Streptococci to HEp-2 Cells.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018;8:280.
          doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00280pubmed: 30175075google scholar: lookup
        82. Hermans D, Webby RJ, Wong SS. Atypical antibody responses to influenza.. J Thorac Dis 2018 Jul;10(Suppl 19):S2238-S2247.
          doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.122pubmed: 30116603google scholar: lookup
        83. Guo H, Rabouw H, Slomp A, Dai M, van der Vegt F, van Lent JWM, McBride R, Paulson JC, de Groot RJ, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Vries E, de Haan CAM. Kinetic analysis of the influenza A virus HA/NA balance reveals contribution of NA to virus-receptor binding and NA-dependent rolling on receptor-containing surfaces.. PLoS Pathog 2018 Aug;14(8):e1007233.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007233pubmed: 30102740google scholar: lookup
        84. Xu Q, Shan Y, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang M, Ma M. Sialic acid involves in the interaction between ovomucin and hemagglutinin and influences the antiviral activity of ovomucin.. Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Nov;119:533-539.
        85. Goneau LW, Mehta K, Wong J, L'Huillier AG, Gubbay JB. Zoonotic Influenza and Human Health-Part 1: Virology and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Influenzas.. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2018 Aug 1;20(10):37.
          doi: 10.1007/s11908-018-0642-9pubmed: 30069735google scholar: lookup
        86. Wessels U, Abdelwhab EM, Veits J, Hoffmann D, Mamerow S, Stech O, Hellert J, Beer M, Mettenleiter TC, Stech J. A Dual Motif in the Hemagglutinin of H5N1 Goose/Guangdong-Like Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains Is Conserved from Their Early Evolution and Increases both Membrane Fusion pH and Virulence.. J Virol 2018 Sep 1;92(17).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00778-18pubmed: 29899102google scholar: lookup
        87. Yang H, Carney PJ, Chang JC, Guo Z, Stevens J. Structural and Molecular Characterization of the Hemagglutinin from the Fifth-Epidemic-Wave A(H7N9) Influenza Viruses.. J Virol 2018 Aug 15;92(16).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00375-18pubmed: 29848588google scholar: lookup
        88. Hsu AC. Influenza Virus: A Master Tactician in Innate Immune Evasion and Novel Therapeutic Interventions.. Front Immunol 2018;9:743.
          doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00743pubmed: 29755452google scholar: lookup
        89. Wu NC, Thompson AJ, Xie J, Lin CW, Nycholat CM, Zhu X, Lerner RA, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. A complex epistatic network limits the mutational reversibility in the influenza hemagglutinin receptor-binding site.. Nat Commun 2018 Mar 28;9(1):1264.
          doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03663-5pubmed: 29593268google scholar: lookup
        90. Kim SH. Challenge for One Health: Co-Circulation of Zoonotic H5N1 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Egypt.. Viruses 2018 Mar 9;10(3).
          doi: 10.3390/v10030121pubmed: 29522492google scholar: lookup
        91. Lee IW, Kim YI, Lim GJ, Kwon HI, Si YJ, Park SJ, Kim EH, Kim SM, Nguyen HD, Song MS, Choi YK. Comparison of the virulence and transmissibility of canine H3N2 influenza viruses and characterization of their canine adaptation factors.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 Mar 7;7(1):17.
          doi: 10.1038/s41426-017-0013-xpubmed: 29511200google scholar: lookup
        92. Dittrich A, Scheibner D, Salaheldin AH, Veits J, Gischke M, Mettenleiter TC, Abdelwhab EM. Impact of Mutations in the Hemagglutinin of H10N7 Viruses Isolated from Seals on Virus Replication in Avian and Human Cells.. Viruses 2018 Feb 14;10(2).
          doi: 10.3390/v10020083pubmed: 29443887google scholar: lookup
        93. Wong SS, DeBeauchamp J, Zanin M, Sun Y, Tang L, Webby R. H5N1 influenza vaccine induces a less robust neutralizing antibody response than seasonal trivalent and H7N9 influenza vaccines.. NPJ Vaccines 2017;2:16.
          doi: 10.1038/s41541-017-0017-5pubmed: 29263872google scholar: lookup
        94. Hatta M, Zhong G, Gao Y, Nakajima N, Fan S, Chiba S, Deering KM, Ito M, Imai M, Kiso M, Nakatsu S, Lopes TJ, Thompson AJ, McBride R, Suarez DL, Macken CA, Sugita S, Neumann G, Hasegawa H, Paulson JC, Toohey-Kurth KL, Kawaoka Y. Characterization of a Feline Influenza A(H7N2) Virus.. Emerg Infect Dis 2018 Jan;24(1):75-86.
          doi: 10.3201/eid2401.171240pubmed: 29260686google scholar: lookup
        95. Lloren KKS, Lee T, Kwon JJ, Song MS. Molecular Markers for Interspecies Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammalian Hosts.. Int J Mol Sci 2017 Dec 13;18(12).
          doi: 10.3390/ijms18122706pubmed: 29236050google scholar: lookup
        96. Feng B, Zhao L, Wang W, Wang J, Wang H, Duan H, Zhang J, Qiao J. Investigation of antiviral state mediated by interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 induced by H9N2 virus and inactivated viral particle in human endothelial cells.. Virol J 2017 Nov 3;14(1):213.
          doi: 10.1186/s12985-017-0875-5pubmed: 29100522google scholar: lookup
        97. Ni F, Kondrashkina E, Wang Q. Determinant of receptor-preference switch in influenza hemagglutinin.. Virology 2018 Jan 1;513:98-107.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.010pubmed: 29055255google scholar: lookup
        98. Yu G, Wang A, Tang Y, Diao Y. Vertical Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Goose.. Front Microbiol 2017;8:1559.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01559pubmed: 28861069google scholar: lookup
        99. Richard M, Herfst S, van den Brand JMA, de Meulder D, Lexmond P, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RAM. Mutations Driving Airborne Transmission of A/H5N1 Virus in Mammals Cause Substantial Attenuation in Chickens only when combined.. Sci Rep 2017 Aug 3;7(1):7187.
          doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07000-6pubmed: 28775271google scholar: lookup
        100. Byrd-Leotis L, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA. The Interplay between the Host Receptor and Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase.. Int J Mol Sci 2017 Jul 17;18(7).
          doi: 10.3390/ijms18071541pubmed: 28714909google scholar: lookup
        101. Ji Y, White YJ, Hadden JA, Grant OC, Woods RJ. New insights into influenza A specificity: an evolution of paradigms.. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017 Jun;44:219-231.
          doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.06.001pubmed: 28675835google scholar: lookup
        102. Wu NC, Wilson IA. A Perspective on the Structural and Functional Constraints for Immune Evasion: Insights from Influenza Virus.. J Mol Biol 2017 Aug 18;429(17):2694-2709.
          doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.015pubmed: 28648617google scholar: lookup
        103. Wu NC, Xie J, Zheng T, Nycholat CM, Grande G, Paulson JC, Lerner RA, Wilson IA. Diversity of Functionally Permissive Sequences in the Receptor-Binding Site of Influenza Hemagglutinin.. Cell Host Microbe 2017 Jun 14;21(6):742-753.e8.
          doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.05.011pubmed: 28618270google scholar: lookup
        104. de Vries RP, Peng W, Grant OC, Thompson AJ, Zhu X, Bouwman KM, de la Pena ATT, van Breemen MJ, Ambepitiya Wickramasinghe IN, de Haan CAM, Yu W, McBride R, Sanders RW, Woods RJ, Verheije MH, Wilson IA, Paulson JC. Three mutations switch H7N9 influenza to human-type receptor specificity.. PLoS Pathog 2017 Jun;13(6):e1006390.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006390pubmed: 28617868google scholar: lookup
        105. Shanker S, Hu L, Ramani S, Atmar RL, Estes MK, Venkataram Prasad BV. Structural features of glycan recognition among viral pathogens.. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017 Jun;44:211-218.
          doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.05.007pubmed: 28591681google scholar: lookup
        106. Tzarum N, McBride R, Nycholat CM, Peng W, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. Unique Structural Features of Influenza Virus H15 Hemagglutinin.. J Virol 2017 Jun 15;91(12).
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00046-17pubmed: 28404848google scholar: lookup
        107. Sun H, Kaplan BS, Guan M, Zhang G, Ye J, Long LP, Blackmon S, Yang CK, Chiang MJ, Xie H, Zhao N, Cooley J, Smith DF, Liao M, Cardona C, Li L, Wang GP, Webby R, Wan XF. Pathogenicity and transmission of a swine influenza A(H6N6) virus.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017 Apr 12;6(4):e17.
          doi: 10.1038/emi.2017.3pubmed: 28400591google scholar: lookup
        108. Mancera Gracia JC, Van den Hoecke S, Saelens X, Van Reeth K. Effect of serial pig passages on the adaptation of an avian H9N2 influenza virus to swine.. PLoS One 2017;12(4):e0175267.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175267pubmed: 28384328google scholar: lookup
        109. Russier M, Yang G, Marinova-Petkova A, Vogel P, Kaplan BS, Webby RJ, Russell CJ. H1N1 influenza viruses varying widely in hemagglutinin stability transmit efficiently from swine to swine and to ferrets.. PLoS Pathog 2017 Mar;13(3):e1006276.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006276pubmed: 28282440google scholar: lookup
        110. Peng W, de Vries RP, Grant OC, Thompson AJ, McBride R, Tsogtbaatar B, Lee PS, Razi N, Wilson IA, Woods RJ, Paulson JC. Recent H3N2 Viruses Have Evolved Specificity for Extended, Branched Human-type Receptors, Conferring Potential for Increased Avidity.. Cell Host Microbe 2017 Jan 11;21(1):23-34.
          doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.11.004pubmed: 28017661google scholar: lookup
        111. Guo H, de Vries E, McBride R, Dekkers J, Peng W, Bouwman KM, Nycholat C, Verheije MH, Paulson JC, van Kuppeveld FJ, de Haan CA. Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5Nx) Viruses with Altered H5 Receptor-Binding Specificity.. Emerg Infect Dis 2017 Feb;23(2):220-231.
          doi: 10.3201/eid2302.161072pubmed: 27869615google scholar: lookup
        112. Lipsitch M, Barclay W, Raman R, Russell CJ, Belser JA, Cobey S, Kasson PM, Lloyd-Smith JO, Maurer-Stroh S, Riley S, Beauchemin CA, Bedford T, Friedrich TC, Handel A, Herfst S, Murcia PR, Roche B, Wilke CO, Russell CA. Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment.. Elife 2016 Nov 11;5.
          doi: 10.7554/eLife.18491pubmed: 27834632google scholar: lookup
        113. Yao Y, Shao Z, He B, Yang W, Chen J, Zhang T, Chen X, Chen J. Characterization of a reassortant H11N9 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from bean goose along the East Asian-Australian flyway.. Virus Genes 2017 Feb;53(1):126-129.
          doi: 10.1007/s11262-016-1401-3pubmed: 27730427google scholar: lookup
        114. Dai M, Guo H, Dortmans JC, Dekkers J, Nordholm J, Daniels R, van Kuppeveld FJ, de Vries E, de Haan CA. Identification of Residues That Affect Oligomerization and/or Enzymatic Activity of Influenza Virus H5N1 Neuraminidase Proteins.. J Virol 2016 Oct 15;90(20):9457-70.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01346-16pubmed: 27512075google scholar: lookup
        115. Cho J, Miyake Y, Honda A, Kushiro K, Takai M. Analysis of the Changes in Expression Levels of Sialic Acid on Influenza-Virus-Infected Cells Using Lectin-Tagged Polymeric Nanoparticles.. Front Microbiol 2016;7:1147.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01147pubmed: 27493646google scholar: lookup
        116. Bangaru S, Nieusma T, Kose N, Thornburg NJ, Finn JA, Kaplan BS, King HG, Singh V, Lampley RM, Sapparapu G, Cisneros A 3rd, Edwards KM, Slaughter JC, Edupuganti S, Lai L, Richt JA, Webby RJ, Ward AB, Crowe JE Jr. Recognition of influenza H3N2 variant virus by human neutralizing antibodies.. JCI Insight 2016 Jul 7;1(10).
          doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.86673pubmed: 27482543google scholar: lookup
        117. Zou S, Gao R, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen W, Bai T, Dong L, Wang D, Shu Y. Molecular characterization of H6 subtype influenza viruses in southern China from 2009 to 2011.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016 Jul 20;5(7):e73.
          doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.71pubmed: 27436363google scholar: lookup
        118. Wu H, Peng X, Peng X, Cheng L, Wu N. Genetic and molecular characterization of a novel reassortant H2N8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from a domestic duck in Zhejiang Province in China.. Virus Genes 2016 Dec;52(6):863-866.
          doi: 10.1007/s11262-016-1368-0pubmed: 27379842google scholar: lookup
        119. Kaplan BS, Russier M, Jeevan T, Marathe B, Govorkova EA, Russell CJ, Kim-Torchetti M, Choi YK, Brown I, Saito T, Stallknecht DE, Krauss S, Webby RJ. Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) Influenza Viruses of Clade 2.3.4.4 from North America Have Limited Capacity for Replication and Transmission in Mammals.. mSphere 2016 Mar-Apr;1(2).
          doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00003-16pubmed: 27303732google scholar: lookup
        120. Sun H, Pu J, Wei Y, Sun Y, Hu J, Liu L, Xu G, Gao W, Li C, Zhang X, Huang Y, Chang KC, Liu X, Liu J. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 Viruses Exhibit Enhanced Affinity for Human Type Sialic Acid Receptor and In-Contact Transmission in Model Ferrets.. J Virol 2016 Jul 15;90(14):6235-6243.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-16pubmed: 27122581google scholar: lookup
        121. Idris F, Muharram SH, Diah S. Glycosylation of dengue virus glycoproteins and their interactions with carbohydrate receptors: possible targets for antiviral therapy.. Arch Virol 2016 Jul;161(7):1751-60.
          doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2855-2pubmed: 27068162google scholar: lookup
        122. Yang H, Carney PJ, Mishin VP, Guo Z, Chang JC, Wentworth DE, Gubareva LV, Stevens J. Molecular Characterizations of Surface Proteins Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase from Recent H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses.. J Virol 2016 Jun 15;90(12):5770-5784.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00180-16pubmed: 27053557google scholar: lookup
        123. O'Brien KM, Nonnenmann MW. Airborne Influenza A Is Detected in the Personal Breathing Zone of Swine Veterinarians.. PLoS One 2016;11(2):e0149083.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149083pubmed: 26867129google scholar: lookup
        124. Liang L, Deng G, Shi J, Wang S, Zhang Q, Kong H, Gu C, Guan Y, Suzuki Y, Li Y, Jiang Y, Tian G, Liu L, Li C, Chen H. Genetics, Receptor Binding, Replication, and Mammalian Transmission of H4 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Live Poultry Markets in China.. J Virol 2016 Feb 1;90(3):1455-69.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02692-15pubmed: 26581996google scholar: lookup
        125. Laassri M, Zagorodnyaya T, Plant EP, Petrovskaya S, Bidzhieva B, Ye Z, Simonyan V, Chumakov K. Deep Sequencing for Evaluation of Genetic Stability of Influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) Vaccine Viruses.. PLoS One 2015;10(9):e0138650.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138650pubmed: 26407068google scholar: lookup
        126. Richard M, Fouchier RA. Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential.. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016 Jan;40(1):68-85.
          doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuv039pubmed: 26385895google scholar: lookup
        127. Wiley CA, Bhardwaj N, Ross TM, Bissel SJ. Emerging Infections of CNS: Avian Influenza A Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus and Human Parechovirus.. Brain Pathol 2015 Sep;25(5):634-50.
          doi: 10.1111/bpa.12281pubmed: 26276027google scholar: lookup
        128. Li YT, Ko HY, Lee CC, Lai CY, Kao CL, Yang C, Wang WB, King CC. Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza H5N2 Viruses with Intra- and Inter-Duck Variations in Taiwan.. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0133910.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133910pubmed: 26263554google scholar: lookup
        129. Kou00e7er ZA, Krauss S, Zanin M, Danner A, Gulati S, Jones JC, Friedman K, Graham A, Forrest H, Seiler J, Air GM, Webster RG. Possible basis for the emergence of H1N1 viruses with pandemic potential from avian hosts.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015 Jul;4(7):e40.
          doi: 10.1038/emi.2015.40pubmed: 26251829google scholar: lookup
        130. Ni F, Kondrashkina E, Wang Q. Structural and Functional Studies of Influenza Virus A/H6 Hemagglutinin.. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0134576.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134576pubmed: 26226046google scholar: lookup
        131. Fei Y, Sun YS, Li Y, Yu H, Lau K, Landry JP, Luo Z, Baumgarth N, Chen X, Zhu X. Characterization of Receptor Binding Profiles of Influenza A Viruses Using An Ellipsometry-Based Label-Free Glycan Microarray Assay Platform.. Biomolecules 2015 Jul 16;5(3):1480-98.
          doi: 10.3390/biom5031480pubmed: 26193329google scholar: lookup
        132. Winarski KL, Thornburg NJ, Yu Y, Sapparapu G, Crowe JE Jr, Spiller BW. Vaccine-elicited antibody that neutralizes H5N1 influenza and variants binds the receptor site and polymorphic sites.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015 Jul 28;112(30):9346-51.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502762112pubmed: 26170302google scholar: lookup
        133. Zhao H, Zhou J, Jiang S, Zheng BJ. Receptor binding and transmission studies of H5N1 influenza virus in mammals.. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013 Dec;2(12):e85.
          doi: 10.1038/emi.2013.89pubmed: 26038448google scholar: lookup
        134. Hanu010d P, Fujii T, Iborra S, Yamada Y, Huotari J, Schulz O, Ahrens S, Kju00e6r S, Way M, Sancho D, Namba K, Reis e Sousa C. Structure of the Complex of F-Actin and DNGR-1, a C-Type Lectin Receptor Involved in Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation of Dead Cell-Associated Antigens.. Immunity 2015 May 19;42(5):839-849.
          doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.009pubmed: 25979418google scholar: lookup
        135. Wang F, Qi J, Bi Y, Zhang W, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang M, Liu J, Yan J, Shi Y, Gao GF. Adaptation of avian influenza A (H6N1) virus from avian to human receptor-binding preference.. EMBO J 2015 Jun 12;34(12):1661-73.
          doi: 10.15252/embj.201590960pubmed: 25940072google scholar: lookup
        136. Meyer M, Jaspers I. Respiratory protease/antiprotease balance determines susceptibility to viral infection and can be modified by nutritional antioxidants.. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015 Jun 15;308(12):L1189-201.
          doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00028.2015pubmed: 25888573google scholar: lookup
        137. Su S, Tian J, Hong M, Zhou P, Lu G, Zhu H, Zhang G, Lai A, Li S. Global and quantitative proteomic analysis of dogs infected by avian-like H3N2 canine influenza virus.. Front Microbiol 2015;6:228.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00228pubmed: 25883591google scholar: lookup
        138. De Baets S, Verhelst J, Van den Hoecke S, Smet A, Schotsaert M, Job ER, Roose K, Schepens B, Fiers W, Saelens X. A GFP expressing influenza A virus to report in vivo tropism and protection by a matrix protein 2 ectodomain-specific monoclonal antibody.. PLoS One 2015;10(3):e0121491.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121491pubmed: 25816132google scholar: lookup
        139. Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. Transmission of influenza A viruses.. Virology 2015 May;479-480:234-46.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.009pubmed: 25812763google scholar: lookup
        140. Tan KX, Jacob SA, Chan KG, Lee LH. An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans.. Front Microbiol 2015;6:140.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00140pubmed: 25798131google scholar: lookup
        141. Zhang H, de Vries RP, Tzarum N, Zhu X, Yu W, McBride R, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. A human-infecting H10N8 influenza virus retains a strong preference for avian-type receptors.. Cell Host Microbe 2015 Mar 11;17(3):377-384.
          doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.006pubmed: 25766296google scholar: lookup
        142. Tzarum N, de Vries RP, Zhu X, Yu W, McBride R, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. Structure and receptor binding of the hemagglutinin from a human H6N1 influenza virus.. Cell Host Microbe 2015 Mar 11;17(3):369-376.
          doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.005pubmed: 25766295google scholar: lookup
        143. Heider A, Mochalova L, Harder T, Tuzikov A, Bovin N, Wolff T, Matrosovich M, Schweiger B. Alterations in hemagglutinin receptor-binding specificity accompany the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.. J Virol 2015 May;89(10):5395-405.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.03304-14pubmed: 25741006google scholar: lookup
        144. Pappas C, Yang H, Carney PJ, Pearce MB, Katz JM, Stevens J, Tumpey TM. Assessment of transmission, pathogenesis and adaptation of H2 subtype influenza viruses in ferrets.. Virology 2015 Mar;477:61-71.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.002pubmed: 25659818google scholar: lookup
        145. Byrd-Leotis L, Galloway SE, Agbogu E, Steinhauer DA. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem region mutations that stabilize or destabilize the structure of multiple HA subtypes.. J Virol 2015 Apr;89(8):4504-16.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00057-15pubmed: 25653452google scholar: lookup
        146. Abdelwhab EM, Abdel-Moneim AS. Epidemiology, ecology and gene pool of influenza A virus in Egypt: will Egypt be the epicentre of the next influenza pandemic?. Virulence 2015;6(1):6-18.
          doi: 10.4161/21505594.2014.992662pubmed: 25635701google scholar: lookup
        147. Munoz O, De Nardi M, van der Meulen K, van Reeth K, Koopmans M, Harris K, von Dobschuetz S, Freidl G, Meijer A, Breed A, Hill A, Kosmider R, Banks J, Stu00e4rk KD, Wieland B, Stevens K, van der Werf S, Enouf V, Dauphin G, Dundon W, Cattoli G, Capua I. Genetic Adaptation of Influenza A Viruses in Domestic Animals and Their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission: A Literature Review.. Ecohealth 2016 Mar;13(1):171-98.
          doi: 10.1007/s10393-014-1004-1pubmed: 25630935google scholar: lookup
        148. Yang H, Carney PJ, Chang JC, Guo Z, Villanueva JM, Stevens J. Structure and receptor binding preferences of recombinant human A(H3N2) virus hemagglutinins.. Virology 2015 Mar;477:18-31.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.024pubmed: 25617824google scholar: lookup
        149. Yamaji R, Yamada S, Le MQ, Li C, Chen H, Qurnianingsih E, Nidom CA, Ito M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Kawaoka Y. Identification of PB2 mutations responsible for the efficient replication of H5N1 influenza viruses in human lung epithelial cells.. J Virol 2015 Apr;89(7):3947-56.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.03328-14pubmed: 25609813google scholar: lookup
        150. Yang H, Nguyen HT, Carney PJ, Guo Z, Chang JC, Jones J, Davis CT, Villanueva JM, Gubareva LV, Stevens J. Structural and functional analysis of surface proteins from an A(H3N8) influenza virus isolated from New England harbor seals.. J Virol 2015 Mar;89(5):2801-12.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02723-14pubmed: 25540377google scholar: lookup
        151. Ma MJ, Yang XX, Qian YH, Zhao SY, Hua S, Wang TC, Chen SH, Ma GY, Sang XY, Liu LN, Wu AP, Jiang TJ, Gao YW, Gray GC, Zhao T, Ling X, Wang JL, Lu B, Qian J, Cao WC. Characterization of a novel reassortant influenza A virus (H2N2) from a domestic duck in Eastern China.. Sci Rep 2014 Dec 23;4:7588.
          doi: 10.1038/srep07588pubmed: 25533850google scholar: lookup
        152. Margine I, Krammer F. Animal models for influenza viruses: implications for universal vaccine development.. Pathogens 2014 Oct 21;3(4):845-74.
          doi: 10.3390/pathogens3040845pubmed: 25436508google scholar: lookup
        153. Ozawa M, Kawaoka Y. Cross talk between animal and human influenza viruses.. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2013 Jan;1:21-42.
        154. Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Reiss K, Reiter DM, Stehle T, Dermody TS. The sweet spot: defining virus-sialic acid interactions.. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014 Nov;12(11):739-49.
          doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3346pubmed: 25263223google scholar: lookup
        155. Richard M, de Graaf M, Herfst S. Avian influenza A viruses: from zoonosis to pandemic.. Future Virol 2014 May 1;9(5):513-524.
          doi: 10.2217/fvl.14.30pubmed: 25214882google scholar: lookup
        156. Yavarian J, Shafiei Jandaghi NZ, Naseri M, Mokhtari Azad T. Characterization of Variations in PB2, NS1, M, Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses in Iran.. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014 Mar;7(3):e9089.
          doi: 10.5812/jjm.9089pubmed: 25147684google scholar: lookup
        157. de Wit E, Rasmussen AL, Feldmann F, Bushmaker T, Martellaro C, Haddock E, Okumura A, Proll SC, Chang J, Gardner D, Katze MG, Munster VJ, Feldmann H. Influenza virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) replicates efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cynomolgus macaques.. mBio 2014 Aug 12;5(4).
          doi: 10.1128/mBio.01331-14pubmed: 25118237google scholar: lookup
        158. Sun X, Cao W, Pappas C, Liu F, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. Effect of receptor binding specificity on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of influenza virus A H1 vaccines.. Virology 2014 Sep;464-465:156-165.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.004pubmed: 25078114google scholar: lookup
        159. Venkataram Prasad BV, Shanker S, Hu L, Choi JM, Crawford SE, Ramani S, Czako R, Atmar RL, Estes MK. Structural basis of glycan interaction in gastroenteric viral pathogens.. Curr Opin Virol 2014 Aug;7:119-27.
          doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.05.008pubmed: 25073118google scholar: lookup
        160. Isakova-Sivak I, de Jonge J, Smolonogina T, Rekstin A, van Amerongen G, van Dijken H, Mouthaan J, Roholl P, Kuznetsova V, Doroshenko E, Tsvetnitsky V, Rudenko L. Development and pre-clinical evaluation of two LAIV strains against potentially pandemic H2N2 influenza virus.. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e102339.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102339pubmed: 25058039google scholar: lookup
        161. Davis LE, Koster F, Cawthon A. Neurologic aspects of influenza viruses.. Handb Clin Neurol 2014;123:619-45.
        162. Smith DF, Cummings RD. Investigating virus-glycan interactions using glycan microarrays.. Curr Opin Virol 2014 Aug;7:79-87.
          doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.05.005pubmed: 24995558google scholar: lookup
        163. Shen L, Wang Y, Lin CI, Liu HW, Guo A, Zhu XY. Membrane environment can enhance the interaction of glycan binding protein to cell surface glycan receptors.. ACS Chem Biol 2014 Aug 15;9(8):1877-84.
          doi: 10.1021/cb5004114pubmed: 24949798google scholar: lookup
        164. Zhong L, Wang X, Li Q, Liu D, Chen H, Zhao M, Gu X, He L, Liu X, Gu M, Peng D, Liu X. Molecular mechanism of the airborne transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in chickens.. J Virol 2014 Sep 1;88(17):9568-78.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00943-14pubmed: 24920791google scholar: lookup
        165. Xiong X, Xiao H, Martin SR, Coombs PJ, Liu J, Collins PJ, Vachieri SG, Walker PA, Lin YP, McCauley JW, Gamblin SJ, Skehel JJ. Enhanced human receptor binding by H5 haemagglutinins.. Virology 2014 May;456-457(100):179-87.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.008pubmed: 24889237google scholar: lookup
        166. Byrd-Leotis L, Liu R, Bradley KC, Lasanajak Y, Cummings SF, Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Galloway SE, Culhane MR, Smith DF, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD. Shotgun glycomics of pig lung identifies natural endogenous receptors for influenza viruses.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014 Jun 3;111(22):E2241-50.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323162111pubmed: 24843157google scholar: lookup
        167. Ovsyannikova IG, White SJ, Albrecht RA, Garcu00eda-Sastre A, Poland GA. Turkey versus guinea pig red blood cells: hemagglutination differences alter hemagglutination inhibition responses against influenza A/H1N1.. Viral Immunol 2014 May;27(4):174-8.
          doi: 10.1089/vim.2013.0111pubmed: 24787023google scholar: lookup
        168. Chen Z, Baz M, Lu J, Paskel M, Santos C, Subbarao K, Jin H, Matsuoka Y. Development of a high-yield live attenuated H7N9 influenza virus vaccine that provides protection against homologous and heterologous H7 wild-type viruses in ferrets.. J Virol 2014 Jun;88(12):7016-23.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00100-14pubmed: 24719414google scholar: lookup
        169. Elbahesh H, Cline T, Baranovich T, Govorkova EA, Schultz-Cherry S, Russell CJ. Novel roles of focal adhesion kinase in cytoplasmic entry and replication of influenza A viruses.. J Virol 2014 Jun;88(12):6714-28.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00530-14pubmed: 24696469google scholar: lookup
        170. de Graaf M, Fouchier RA. Role of receptor binding specificity in influenza A virus transmission and pathogenesis.. EMBO J 2014 Apr 16;33(8):823-41.
          doi: 10.1002/embj.201387442pubmed: 24668228google scholar: lookup
        171. Gulati S, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Air GM. Glycan array analysis of influenza H1N1 binding and release.. Cancer Biomark 2014 Jan 1;14(1):43-53.
          doi: 10.3233/CBM-130376pubmed: 24643041google scholar: lookup
        172. Sauer AK, Liang CH, Stech J, Peeters B, Quu00e9ru00e9 P, Schwegmann-Wessels C, Wu CY, Wong CH, Herrler G. Characterization of the sialic acid binding activity of influenza A viruses using soluble variants of the H7 and H9 hemagglutinins.. PLoS One 2014;9(2):e89529.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089529pubmed: 24586849google scholar: lookup
        173. van den Brand JM, Haagmans BL, van Riel D, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T. The pathology and pathogenesis of experimental severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza in animal models.. J Comp Pathol 2014 Jul;151(1):83-112.
          doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.01.004pubmed: 24581932google scholar: lookup
        174. Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Miller PJ, Spackman E, Swayne DE, Susta L, Costa-Hurtado M, Suarez DL. Role of poultry in the spread of novel H7N9 influenza virus in China.. J Virol 2014 May;88(10):5381-90.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.03689-13pubmed: 24574407google scholar: lookup
        175. Kim JI, Lee I, Park S, Lee S, Hwang MW, Bae JY, Heo J, Kim D, Jang SI, Kim K, Park MS. Phylogenetic analysis of a swine influenza A(H3N2) virus isolated in Korea in 2012.. PLoS One 2014;9(2):e88782.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088782pubmed: 24523938google scholar: lookup
        176. Xu R, de Vries RP, Zhu X, Nycholat CM, McBride R, Yu W, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. Preferential recognition of avian-like receptors in human influenza A H7N9 viruses.. Science 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1230-5.
          doi: 10.1126/science.1243761pubmed: 24311689google scholar: lookup
        177. Kreibich A, Stech O, Hundt J, Ziller M, Mettenleiter TC, Stech J. Avian influenza virus h3 hemagglutinin may enable high fitness of novel human virus reassortants.. PLoS One 2013;8(11):e79165.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079165pubmed: 24265752google scholar: lookup
        178. Lee S, Kim JI, Heo J, Lee I, Park S, Hwang MW, Bae JY, Park MS, Park HJ, Park MS. The anti-influenza virus effect of Phellinus igniarius extract.. J Microbiol 2013 Oct;51(5):676-81.
          doi: 10.1007/s12275-013-3384-2pubmed: 24173646google scholar: lookup
        179. Dortmans JC, Dekkers J, Wickramasinghe IN, Verheije MH, Rottier PJ, van Kuppeveld FJ, de Vries E, de Haan CA. Adaptation of novel H7N9 influenza A virus to human receptors.. Sci Rep 2013 Oct 28;3:3058.
          doi: 10.1038/srep03058pubmed: 24162312google scholar: lookup
        180. Xu Q, Chen Z, Cheng X, Xu L, Jin H. Evaluation of live attenuated H7N3 and H7N7 vaccine viruses for their receptor binding preferences, immunogenicity in ferrets and cross reactivity to the novel H7N9 virus.. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e76884.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076884pubmed: 24130801google scholar: lookup
        181. Ward MJ, Lycett SJ, Avila D, Bollback JP, Leigh Brown AJ. Evolutionary interactions between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in avian influenza.. BMC Evol Biol 2013 Oct 9;13:222.
          doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-222pubmed: 24103105google scholar: lookup
        182. Liu Q, Liu DY, Yang ZQ. Characteristics of human infection with avian influenza viruses and development of new antiviral agents.. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013 Oct;34(10):1257-69.
          doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.121pubmed: 24096642google scholar: lookup
        183. Matsuoka Y, Matsumae H, Katoh M, Eisfeld AJ, Neumann G, Hase T, Ghosh S, Shoemaker JE, Lopes TJ, Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Fukuyama S, Kitano H, Kawaoka Y. A comprehensive map of the influenza A virus replication cycle.. BMC Syst Biol 2013 Oct 2;7:97.
          doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-97pubmed: 24088197google scholar: lookup
        184. Shore DA, Yang H, Balish AL, Shepard SS, Carney PJ, Chang JC, Davis CT, Donis RO, Villanueva JM, Klimov AI, Stevens J. Structural and antigenic variation among diverse clade 2 H5N1 viruses.. PLoS One 2013;8(9):e75209.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075209pubmed: 24086467google scholar: lookup
        185. Lakdawala SS, Shih AR, Jayaraman A, Lamirande EW, Moore I, Paskel M, Kenney H, Sasisekharan R, Subbarao K. Receptor specificity does not affect replication or virulence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in mice and ferrets.. Virology 2013 Nov;446(1-2):349-56.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.011pubmed: 24074599google scholar: lookup
        186. Crusat M, Liu J, Palma AS, Childs RA, Liu Y, Wharton SA, Lin YP, Coombs PJ, Martin SR, Matrosovich M, Chen Z, Stevens DJ, Hien VM, Thanh TT, Nhu le NT, Nguyet LA, Ha do Q, van Doorn HR, Hien TT, Conradt HS, Kiso M, Gamblin SJ, Chai W, Skehel JJ, Hay AJ, Farrar J, de Jong MD, Feizi T. Changes in the hemagglutinin of H5N1 viruses during human infection--influence on receptor binding.. Virology 2013 Dec;447(1-2):326-37.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.010pubmed: 24050651google scholar: lookup
        187. Yang H, Carney PJ, Chang JC, Villanueva JM, Stevens J. Structural analysis of the hemagglutinin from the recent 2013 H7N9 influenza virus.. J Virol 2013 Nov;87(22):12433-46.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01854-13pubmed: 24027325google scholar: lookup
        188. Kaplan BS, Webby RJ. The avian and mammalian host range of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza.. Virus Res 2013 Dec 5;178(1):3-11.
        189. Yang G, Li S, Blackmon S, Ye J, Bradley KC, Cooley J, Smith D, Hanson L, Cardona C, Steinhauer DA, Webby R, Liao M, Wan XF. Mutation tryptophan to leucine at position 222 of haemagglutinin could facilitate H3N2 influenza A virus infection in dogs.. J Gen Virol 2013 Dec;94(Pt 12):2599-2608.
          doi: 10.1099/vir.0.054692-0pubmed: 23994833google scholar: lookup
        190. Imai M, Herfst S, Sorrell EM, Schrauwen EJ, Linster M, De Graaf M, Fouchier RA, Kawaoka Y. Transmission of influenza A/H5N1 viruses in mammals.. Virus Res 2013 Dec 5;178(1):15-20.
        191. Poovorawan Y, Pyungporn S, Prachayangprecha S, Makkoch J. Global alert to avian influenza virus infection: from H5N1 to H7N9.. Pathog Glob Health 2013 Jul;107(5):217-23.
        192. Ueda R, Sugiura T, Kume S, Ichikawa A, Larsen S, Miyoshi H, Hiramatsu H, Nagatsuka Y, Arai F, Suzuki Y, Hirabayashi Y, Fukuda T, Honda A. A novel single virus infection system reveals that influenza virus preferentially infects cells in g1 phase.. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e67011.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067011pubmed: 23874406google scholar: lookup
        193. Matrosovich M, Herrler G, Klenk HD. Sialic Acid Receptors of Viruses.. Top Curr Chem 2015;367:1-28.
          doi: 10.1007/128_2013_466pubmed: 23873408google scholar: lookup
        194. Steinhauer DA. Influenza: Pathways to human adaptation.. Nature 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):412-3.
          doi: 10.1038/nature12455pubmed: 23863929google scholar: lookup
        195. Zaraket H, Bridges OA, Duan S, Baranovich T, Yoon SW, Reed ML, Salomon R, Webby RJ, Webster RG, Russell CJ. Increased acid stability of the hemagglutinin protein enhances H5N1 influenza virus growth in the upper respiratory tract but is insufficient for transmission in ferrets.. J Virol 2013 Sep;87(17):9911-22.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01175-13pubmed: 23824818google scholar: lookup
        196. Zhou J, Wang D, Gao R, Zhao B, Song J, Qi X, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Yang L, Zhu W, Bai T, Qin K, Lan Y, Zou S, Guo J, Dong J, Dong L, Zhang Y, Wei H, Li X, Lu J, Liu L, Zhao X, Li X, Huang W, Wen L, Bo H, Xin L, Chen Y, Xu C, Pei Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Feng Z, Han J, Yang W, Gao GF, Wu G, Li D, Wang Y, Shu Y. Biological features of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus.. Nature 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):500-3.
          doi: 10.1038/nature12379pubmed: 23823727google scholar: lookup
        197. Rajesh Kumar S, Syed Khader SM, Kiener TK, Szyporta M, Kwang J. Intranasal immunization of baculovirus displayed hemagglutinin confers complete protection against mouse adapted highly pathogenic H7N7 reassortant influenza virus.. PLoS One 2013;8(6):e63856.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063856pubmed: 23762234google scholar: lookup
        198. Tharakaraman K, Raman R, Stebbins NW, Viswanathan K, Sasisekharan V, Sasisekharan R. Antigenically intact hemagglutinin in circulating avian and swine influenza viruses and potential for H3N2 pandemic.. Sci Rep 2013;3:1822.
          doi: 10.1038/srep01822pubmed: 23661027google scholar: lookup
        199. Paulson JC, de Vries RP. H5N1 receptor specificity as a factor in pandemic risk.. Virus Res 2013 Dec 5;178(1):99-113.
        200. Short KR, Habets MN, Payne J, Reading PC, Diavatopoulos DA, Wijburg OL. Influenza A virus induced bacterial otitis media is independent of virus tropism for u03b12,6-linked sialic acid.. Virol J 2013 Apr 23;10:128.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-128pubmed: 23617940google scholar: lookup
        201. Xiong X, Coombs PJ, Martin SR, Liu J, Xiao H, McCauley JW, Locher K, Walker PA, Collins PJ, Kawaoka Y, Skehel JJ, Gamblin SJ. Receptor binding by a ferret-transmissible H5 avian influenza virus.. Nature 2013 May 16;497(7449):392-6.
          doi: 10.1038/nature12144pubmed: 23615615google scholar: lookup
        202. Hobbie SN, Viswanathan K, Bachelet I, Aich U, Shriver Z, Subramanian V, Raman R, Sasisekharan R. Modular glycosphere assays for high-throughput functional characterization of influenza viruses.. BMC Biotechnol 2013 Apr 15;13:34.
          doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-34pubmed: 23587408google scholar: lookup
        203. Ren W, Chen H, Renault T, Cai Y, Bai C, Wang C, Huang J. Complete genome sequence of acute viral necrosis virus associated with massive mortality outbreaks in the Chinese scallop, Chlamys farreri.. Virol J 2013 Apr 8;10:110.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-110pubmed: 23566284google scholar: lookup
        204. Job ER, Bottazzi B, Gilbertson B, Edenborough KM, Brown LE, Mantovani A, Brooks AG, Reading PC. Serum amyloid P is a sialylated glycoprotein inhibitor of influenza A viruses.. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e59623.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059623pubmed: 23544079google scholar: lookup
        205. Runstadler J, Hill N, Hussein IT, Puryear W, Keogh M. Connecting the study of wild influenza with the potential for pandemic disease.. Infect Genet Evol 2013 Jul;17:162-87.
          doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.02.020pubmed: 23541413google scholar: lookup
        206. Matthaei M, Budt M, Wolff T. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus strains provoke heterogeneous IFN-u03b1/u03b2 responses that distinctively affect viral propagation in human cells.. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56659.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056659pubmed: 23451066google scholar: lookup
        207. Zaraket H, Bridges OA, Russell CJ. The pH of activation of the hemagglutinin protein regulates H5N1 influenza virus replication and pathogenesis in mice.. J Virol 2013 May;87(9):4826-34.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.03110-12pubmed: 23449784google scholar: lookup
        208. Hillaire ML, Nieuwkoop NJ, Boon AC, de Mutsert G, Vogelzang-van Trierum SE, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF. Binding of DC-SIGN to the hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses supports virus replication in DC-SIGN expressing cells.. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56164.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056164pubmed: 23424649google scholar: lookup
        209. Hashem AM, Gravel C, Farnsworth A, Zou W, Lemieux M, Xu K, Li C, Wang J, Goneau MF, Merziotis M, He R, Gilbert M, Li X. A novel synthetic receptor-based immunoassay for influenza vaccine quantification.. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e55428.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055428pubmed: 23424631google scholar: lookup
        210. Rumschlag-Booms E, Rong L. Influenza a virus entry: implications in virulence and future therapeutics.. Adv Virol 2013;2013:121924.
          doi: 10.1155/2013/121924pubmed: 23365574google scholar: lookup
        211. Tombari W, Paul M, Bettaieb J, Larbi I, Nsiri J, Elbehi I, Gribaa L, Ghram A. Risk factors and characteristics of low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from commercial poultry in Tunisia.. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e53524.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053524pubmed: 23326449google scholar: lookup
        212. Tsibane T, Ekiert DC, Krause JC, Martinez O, Crowe JE Jr, Wilson IA, Basler CF. Influenza human monoclonal antibody 1F1 interacts with three major antigenic sites and residues mediating human receptor specificity in H1N1 viruses.. PLoS Pathog 2012;8(12):e1003067.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003067pubmed: 23236279google scholar: lookup
        213. Kamimiya H, Suzuki Y, Kasama T, Kajiwara H, Yamamoto T, Mine T, Watarai S, Ogura K, Nakamura K, Tsuge J, Kushi Y. Unique gangliosides synthesized in vitro by sialyltransferases from marine bacteria and their characterization: ganglioside synthesis by bacterial sialyltransferases.. J Lipid Res 2013 Mar;54(3):571-580.
          doi: 10.1194/jlr.M026955pubmed: 23220479google scholar: lookup
        214. Blanco JC, Pletneva LM, Wan H, Araya Y, Angel M, Oue RO, Sutton TC, Perez DR. Receptor characterization and susceptibility of cotton rats to avian and 2009 pandemic influenza virus strains.. J Virol 2013 Feb;87(4):2036-45.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00638-12pubmed: 23192875google scholar: lookup
        215. Neumann G, Macken CA, Karasin AI, Fouchier RA, Kawaoka Y. Egyptian H5N1 influenza viruses-cause for concern?. PLoS Pathog 2012;8(11):e1002932.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002932pubmed: 23166487google scholar: lookup
        216. Lycett SJ, Baillie G, Coulter E, Bhatt S, Kellam P, McCauley JW, Wood JLN, Brown IH, Pybus OG, Leigh Brown AJ, For The Combating Swine Influenza Initiative Cosi Consortium. Estimating reassortment rates in co-circulating Eurasian swine influenza viruses.. J Gen Virol 2012 Nov;93(Pt 11):2326-2336.
          doi: 10.1099/vir.0.044503-0pubmed: 22971819google scholar: lookup
        217. Kim JI, Park MS. N-linked glycosylation in the hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses.. Yonsei Med J 2012 Sep;53(5):886-93.
          doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.5.886pubmed: 22869469google scholar: lookup
        218. Su00e1nchez-Felipe L, Villar E, Muu00f1oz-Barroso I. u03b12-3- and u03b12-6- N-linked sialic acids allow efficient interaction of Newcastle Disease Virus with target cells.. Glycoconj J 2012 Oct;29(7):539-49.
          doi: 10.1007/s10719-012-9431-0pubmed: 22869099google scholar: lookup
        219. Anthony SJ, St Leger JA, Pugliares K, Ip HS, Chan JM, Carpenter ZW, Navarrete-Macias I, Sanchez-Leon M, Saliki JT, Pedersen J, Karesh W, Daszak P, Rabadan R, Rowles T, Lipkin WI. Emergence of fatal avian influenza in New England harbor seals.. mBio 2012;3(4):e00166-12.
          doi: 10.1128/mBio.00166-12pubmed: 22851656google scholar: lookup
        220. Priyadarzini TR, Selvin JF, Gromiha MM, Fukui K, Veluraja K. Theoretical investigation on the binding specificity of sialyldisaccharides with hemagglutinins of influenza A virus by molecular dynamics simulations.. J Biol Chem 2012 Oct 5;287(41):34547-57.
          doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.357061pubmed: 22846994google scholar: lookup
        221. McCullough C, Wang M, Rong L, Caffrey M. Characterization of influenza hemagglutinin interactions with receptor by NMR.. PLoS One 2012;7(7):e33958.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033958pubmed: 22815674google scholar: lookup
        222. Shirato H. Norovirus recognition sites on histo-blood group antigens.. Front Microbiol 2012;3:177.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00177pubmed: 22783230google scholar: lookup
        223. Makkoch J, Prachayangprecha S, Payungporn S, Chieochansin T, Songserm T, Amonsin A, Poovorawan Y. Erythrocyte binding preference of human pandemic influenza virus a and its effect on antibody response detection.. Ann Lab Med 2012 Jul;32(4):276-82.
          doi: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.4.276pubmed: 22779069google scholar: lookup
        224. Herfst S, Schrauwen EJ, Linster M, Chutinimitkul S, de Wit E, Munster VJ, Sorrell EM, Bestebroer TM, Burke DF, Smith DJ, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets.. Science 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1534-41.
          doi: 10.1126/science.1213362pubmed: 22723413google scholar: lookup
        225. Xu R, Zhu X, McBride R, Nycholat CM, Yu W, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. Functional balance of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities accompanies the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.. J Virol 2012 Sep;86(17):9221-32.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00697-12pubmed: 22718832google scholar: lookup
        226. Wilks S, de Graaf M, Smith DJ, Burke DF. A review of influenza haemagglutinin receptor binding as it relates to pandemic properties.. Vaccine 2012 Jun 19;30(29):4369-76.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.076pubmed: 22682293google scholar: lookup
        227. Driskell EA, Pickens JA, Humberd-Smith J, Gordy JT, Bradley KC, Steinhauer DA, Berghaus RD, Stallknecht DE, Howerth EW, Tompkins SM. Low pathogenic avian influenza isolates from wild birds replicate and transmit via contact in ferrets without prior adaptation.. PLoS One 2012;7(6):e38067.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038067pubmed: 22675507google scholar: lookup
        228. O'Donnell CD, Vogel L, Wright A, Das SR, Wrammert J, Li GM, McCausland M, Zheng NY, Yewdell JW, Ahmed R, Wilson PC, Subbarao K. Antibody pressure by a human monoclonal antibody targeting the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus hemagglutinin drives the emergence of a virus with increased virulence in mice.. mBio 2012;3(3).
          doi: 10.1128/mBio.00120-12pubmed: 22647789google scholar: lookup
        229. Van Poucke S, Uhlendorff J, Wang Z, Billiau V, Nicholls J, Matrosovich M, Van Reeth K. Effect of receptor specificity of A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Mar;7(2):151-9.
        230. Nycholat CM, McBride R, Ekiert DC, Xu R, Rangarajan J, Peng W, Razi N, Gilbert M, Wakarchuk W, Wilson IA, Paulson JC. Recognition of sialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains on N- and O-linked glycans by human and avian influenza A virus hemagglutinins.. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012 May 14;51(20):4860-3.
          doi: 10.1002/anie.201200596pubmed: 22505324google scholar: lookup
        231. Krause JC, Tsibane T, Tumpey TM, Huffman CJ, Albrecht R, Blum DL, Ramos I, Fernandez-Sesma A, Edwards KM, Garcu00eda-Sastre A, Basler CF, Crowe JE Jr. Human monoclonal antibodies to pandemic 1957 H2N2 and pandemic 1968 H3N2 influenza viruses.. J Virol 2012 Jun;86(11):6334-40.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.07158-11pubmed: 22457520google scholar: lookup
        232. Imai M, Kawaoka Y. The role of receptor binding specificity in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses.. Curr Opin Virol 2012 Apr;2(2):160-7.
          doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.03.003pubmed: 22445963google scholar: lookup
        233. Gambaryan AS, Matrosovich TY, Philipp J, Munster VJ, Fouchier RA, Cattoli G, Capua I, Krauss SL, Webster RG, Banks J, Bovin NV, Klenk HD, Matrosovich MN. Receptor-binding profiles of H7 subtype influenza viruses in different host species.. J Virol 2012 Apr;86(8):4370-9.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.06959-11pubmed: 22345462google scholar: lookup
        234. Wang M, Tscherne DM, McCullough C, Caffrey M, Garcu00eda-Sastre A, Rong L. Residue Y161 of influenza virus hemagglutinin is involved in viral recognition of sialylated complexes from different hosts.. J Virol 2012 Apr;86(8):4455-62.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.07187-11pubmed: 22301136google scholar: lookup
        235. Chen Z, Zhou H, Kim L, Jin H. The receptor binding specificity of the live attenuated influenza H2 and H6 vaccine viruses contributes to vaccine immunogenicity and protection in ferrets.. J Virol 2012 Mar;86(5):2780-6.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.06219-11pubmed: 22190726google scholar: lookup
        236. DuBois RM, Zaraket H, Reddivari M, Heath RJ, White SW, Russell CJ. Acid stability of the hemagglutinin protein regulates H5N1 influenza virus pathogenicity.. PLoS Pathog 2011 Dec;7(12):e1002398.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002398pubmed: 22144894google scholar: lookup
        237. Londrigan SL, Tate MD, Brooks AG, Reading PC. Cell-surface receptors on macrophages and dendritic cells for attachment and entry of influenza virus.. J Leukoc Biol 2012 Jul;92(1):97-106.
          doi: 10.1189/jlb.1011492pubmed: 22124137google scholar: lookup
        238. Xu R, McBride R, Nycholat CM, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. Structural characterization of the hemagglutinin receptor specificity from the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.. J Virol 2012 Jan;86(2):982-90.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.06322-11pubmed: 22072785google scholar: lookup
        239. van Doremalen N, Shelton H, Roberts KL, Jones IM, Pickles RJ, Thompson CI, Barclay WS. A single amino acid in the HA of pH1N1 2009 influenza virus affects cell tropism in human airway epithelium, but not transmission in ferrets.. PLoS One 2011;6(10):e25755.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025755pubmed: 21998692google scholar: lookup
        240. Nam JH, Kim EH, Song D, Choi YK, Kim JK, Poo H. Emergence of mammalian species-infectious and -pathogenic avian influenza H6N5 virus with no evidence of adaptation.. J Virol 2011 Dec;85(24):13271-7.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.05038-11pubmed: 21994462google scholar: lookup
        241. Tombari W, Nsiri J, Larbi I, Guerin JL, Ghram A. Genetic evolution of low pathogenecity H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Tunisia: acquisition of new mutations.. Virol J 2011 Oct 12;8:467.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-467pubmed: 21992186google scholar: lookup
        242. Bradley KC, Galloway SE, Lasanajak Y, Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Yu H, Chen X, Talekar GR, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Steinhauer DA. Analysis of influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding mutants with limited receptor recognition properties and conditional replication characteristics.. J Virol 2011 Dec;85(23):12387-98.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.05570-11pubmed: 21917953google scholar: lookup
        243. Trebbien R, Larsen LE, Viuff BM. Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigs.. Virol J 2011 Sep 8;8:434.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-434pubmed: 21902821google scholar: lookup
        244. Wibawa H, Henning J, Wong F, Selleck P, Junaidi A, Bingham J, Daniels P, Meers J. A molecular and antigenic survey of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from smallholder duck farms in Central Java, Indonesia during 2007-2008.. Virol J 2011 Sep 7;8:425.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-425pubmed: 21896207google scholar: lookup
        245. Bond MR, Zhang H, Kim J, Yu SH, Yang F, Patrie SM, Kohler JJ. Metabolism of diazirine-modified N-acetylmannosamine analogues to photo-cross-linking sialosides.. Bioconjug Chem 2011 Sep 21;22(9):1811-23.
          doi: 10.1021/bc2002117pubmed: 21838313google scholar: lookup
        246. Aggarwal S, Dewhurst S, Takimoto T, Kim B. Biochemical impact of the host adaptation-associated PB2 E627K mutation on the temperature-dependent RNA synthesis kinetics of influenza A virus polymerase complex.. J Biol Chem 2011 Oct 7;286(40):34504-13.
          doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.262048pubmed: 21816827google scholar: lookup
        247. Oshansky CM, Pickens JA, Bradley KC, Jones LP, Saavedra-Ebner GM, Barber JP, Crabtree JM, Steinhauer DA, Tompkins SM, Tripp RA. Avian influenza viruses infect primary human bronchial epithelial cells unconstrained by sialic acid u03b12,3 residues.. PLoS One 2011;6(6):e21183.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021183pubmed: 21731666google scholar: lookup
        248. Watanabe Y, Ibrahim MS, Ellakany HF, Kawashita N, Mizuike R, Hiramatsu H, Sriwilaijaroen N, Takagi T, Suzuki Y, Ikuta K. Acquisition of human-type receptor binding specificity by new H5N1 influenza virus sublineages during their emergence in birds in Egypt.. PLoS Pathog 2011 May;7(5):e1002068.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002068pubmed: 21637809google scholar: lookup
        249. Bandu00edn I, Dopazo CP. Host range, host specificity and hypothesized host shift events among viruses of lower vertebrates.. Vet Res 2011 May 18;42(1):67.
          doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-67pubmed: 21592358google scholar: lookup
        250. Shen CI, Wang CH, Shen SC, Lee HC, Liao JW, Su HL. The infection of chicken tracheal epithelial cells with a H6N1 avian influenza virus.. PLoS One 2011 May 6;6(5):e18894.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018894pubmed: 21573102google scholar: lookup
        251. Jongkon N, Sangma C. Receptor recognition mechanism of human influenza A H1N1 (1918), avian influenza A H5N1 (2004), and pandemic H1N1 (2009) neuraminidase.. J Mol Model 2012 Jan;18(1):285-93.
          doi: 10.1007/s00894-011-1071-ypubmed: 21523534google scholar: lookup
        252. Heimburg-Molinaro J, Song X, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Preparation and analysis of glycan microarrays.. Curr Protoc Protein Sci 2011 Apr;Chapter 12:Unit12.10.
          doi: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1210s64pubmed: 21488041google scholar: lookup
        253. Bouvier NM, Lowen AC. Animal Models for Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Transmission.. Viruses 2010;2(8):1530-1563.
          doi: 10.3390/v20801530pubmed: 21442033google scholar: lookup
        254. Aich U, Beckley N, Shriver Z, Raman R, Viswanathan K, Hobbie S, Sasisekharan R. Glycomics-based analysis of chicken red blood cells provides insight into the selectivity of the viral agglutination assay.. FEBS J 2011 May;278(10):1699-712.
        255. Maines TR, Chen LM, Van Hoeven N, Tumpey TM, Blixt O, Belser JA, Gustin KM, Pearce MB, Pappas C, Stevens J, Cox NJ, Paulson JC, Raman R, Sasisekharan R, Katz JM, Donis RO. Effect of receptor binding domain mutations on receptor binding and transmissibility of avian influenza H5N1 viruses.. Virology 2011 Apr 25;413(1):139-47.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.02.015pubmed: 21397290google scholar: lookup
        256. Zhang G, Kong W, Qi W, Long LP, Cao Z, Huang L, Qi H, Cao N, Wang W, Zhao F, Ning Z, Liao M, Wan XF. Identification of an H6N6 swine influenza virus in southern China.. Infect Genet Evol 2011 Jul;11(5):1174-7.
          doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.02.023pubmed: 21382518google scholar: lookup
        257. Ramos I, Bernal-Rubio D, Durham N, Belicha-Villanueva A, Lowen AC, Steel J, Fernandez-Sesma A. Effects of receptor binding specificity of avian influenza virus on the human innate immune response.. J Virol 2011 May;85(9):4421-31.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02356-10pubmed: 21345953google scholar: lookup
        258. Naughtin M, Dyason JC, Mardy S, Sorn S, von Itzstein M, Buchy P. Neuraminidase inhibitor sensitivity and receptor-binding specificity of Cambodian clade 1 highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus.. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011 May;55(5):2004-10.
          doi: 10.1128/AAC.01773-10pubmed: 21343450google scholar: lookup
        259. Chen LM, Rivailler P, Hossain J, Carney P, Balish A, Perry I, Davis CT, Garten R, Shu B, Xu X, Klimov A, Paulson JC, Cox NJ, Swenson S, Stevens J, Vincent A, Gramer M, Donis RO. Receptor specificity of subtype H1 influenza A viruses isolated from swine and humans in the United States.. Virology 2011 Apr 10;412(2):401-10.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.015pubmed: 21333316google scholar: lookup
        260. Chen MW, Liao HY, Huang Y, Jan JT, Huang CC, Ren CT, Wu CY, Cheng TJ, Ho DD, Wong CH. Broadly neutralizing DNA vaccine with specific mutation alters the antigenicity and sugar-binding activities of influenza hemagglutinin.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Mar 1;108(9):3510-5.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019744108pubmed: 21321237google scholar: lookup
        261. Tscherne DM, Garcu00eda-Sastre A. Virulence determinants of pandemic influenza viruses.. J Clin Invest 2011 Jan;121(1):6-13.
          doi: 10.1172/JCI44947pubmed: 21206092google scholar: lookup
        262. de Vries RP, de Vries E, Moore KS, Rigter A, Rottier PJ, de Haan CA. Only two residues are responsible for the dramatic difference in receptor binding between swine and new pandemic H1 hemagglutinin.. J Biol Chem 2011 Feb 18;286(7):5868-75.
          doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.193557pubmed: 21173148google scholar: lookup
        263. Yamamoto T. Marine bacterial sialyltransferases.. Mar Drugs 2010 Nov 5;8(11):2781-94.
          doi: 10.3390/md8112781pubmed: 21139844google scholar: lookup
        264. dos Reis M, Tamuri AU, Hay AJ, Goldstein RA. Charting the host adaptation of influenza viruses.. Mol Biol Evol 2011 Jun;28(6):1755-67.
          doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq317pubmed: 21109586google scholar: lookup
        265. DuBois RM, Aguilar-Yau00f1ez JM, Mendoza-Ochoa GI, Oropeza-Almazu00e1n Y, Schultz-Cherry S, Alvarez MM, White SW, Russell CJ. The receptor-binding domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin produced in Escherichia coli folds into its native, immunogenic structure.. J Virol 2011 Jan;85(2):865-72.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01412-10pubmed: 21068239google scholar: lookup
        266. Yassine HM, Khatri M, Lee CW, Saif YM. Characterization of an H3N2 triple reassortant influenza virus with a mutation at the receptor binding domain (D190A) that occurred upon virus transmission from turkeys to pigs.. Virol J 2010 Sep 30;7:258.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-258pubmed: 20920297google scholar: lookup
        267. Viswanathan K, Chandrasekaran A, Srinivasan A, Raman R, Sasisekharan V, Sasisekharan R. Glycans as receptors for influenza pathogenesis.. Glycoconj J 2010 Aug;27(6):561-70.
          doi: 10.1007/s10719-010-9303-4pubmed: 20734133google scholar: lookup
        268. Pappas C, Viswanathan K, Chandrasekaran A, Raman R, Katz JM, Sasisekharan R, Tumpey TM. Receptor specificity and transmission of H2N2 subtype viruses isolated from the pandemic of 1957.. PLoS One 2010 Jun 21;5(6):e11158.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011158pubmed: 20574518google scholar: lookup
        269. Gamblin SJ, Skehel JJ. Influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase membrane glycoproteins.. J Biol Chem 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28403-9.
          doi: 10.1074/jbc.R110.129809pubmed: 20538598google scholar: lookup
        270. Wang W, Lu B, Zhou H, Suguitan AL Jr, Cheng X, Subbarao K, Kemble G, Jin H. Glycosylation at 158N of the hemagglutinin protein and receptor binding specificity synergistically affect the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a live attenuated H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 vaccine virus in ferrets.. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(13):6570-7.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00221-10pubmed: 20427525google scholar: lookup
        271. Abdel-Moneim AS, Abdel-Ghany AE, Shany SA. Isolation and characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 from donkeys.. J Biomed Sci 2010 Apr 14;17(1):25.
          doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-25pubmed: 20398268google scholar: lookup
        272. Chutinimitkul S, van Riel D, Munster VJ, van den Brand JM, Rimmelzwaan GF, Kuiken T, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA, de Wit E. In vitro assessment of attachment pattern and replication efficiency of H5N1 influenza A viruses with altered receptor specificity.. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(13):6825-33.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02737-09pubmed: 20392847google scholar: lookup
        273. Garcu00eda-Sastre A. Influenza virus receptor specificity: disease and transmission.. Am J Pathol 2010 Apr;176(4):1584-5.
          doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100066pubmed: 20203283google scholar: lookup
        274. Xu Q, Wang W, Cheng X, Zengel J, Jin H. Influenza H1N1 A/Solomon Island/3/06 virus receptor binding specificity correlates with virus pathogenicity, antigenicity, and immunogenicity in ferrets.. J Virol 2010 May;84(10):4936-45.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02489-09pubmed: 20200248google scholar: lookup
        275. Tosh PK, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Influenza vaccines: from surveillance through production to protection.. Mayo Clin Proc 2010 Mar;85(3):257-73.
          doi: 10.4065/mcp.2009.0615pubmed: 20118381google scholar: lookup
        276. Gao Y, Zhang Y, Shinya K, Deng G, Jiang Y, Li Z, Guan Y, Tian G, Li Y, Shi J, Liu L, Zeng X, Bu Z, Xia X, Kawaoka Y, Chen H. Identification of amino acids in HA and PB2 critical for the transmission of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in a mammalian host.. PLoS Pathog 2009 Dec;5(12):e1000709.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000709pubmed: 20041223google scholar: lookup
        277. Xu R, McBride R, Paulson JC, Basler CF, Wilson IA. Structure, receptor binding, and antigenicity of influenza virus hemagglutinins from the 1957 H2N2 pandemic.. J Virol 2010 Feb;84(4):1715-21.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02162-09pubmed: 20007271google scholar: lookup
        278. de Wit E, Munster VJ, van Riel D, Beyer WE, Rimmelzwaan GF, Kuiken T, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Molecular determinants of adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N7 viruses to efficient replication in the human host.. J Virol 2010 Feb;84(3):1597-606.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01783-09pubmed: 19939933google scholar: lookup
        279. Reed ML, Bridges OA, Seiler P, Kim JK, Yen HL, Salomon R, Govorkova EA, Webster RG, Russell CJ. The pH of activation of the hemagglutinin protein regulates H5N1 influenza virus pathogenicity and transmissibility in ducks.. J Virol 2010 Feb;84(3):1527-35.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02069-09pubmed: 19923184google scholar: lookup
        280. Tamuri AU, Dos Reis M, Hay AJ, Goldstein RA. Identifying changes in selective constraints: host shifts in influenza.. PLoS Comput Biol 2009 Nov;5(11):e1000564.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000564pubmed: 19911053google scholar: lookup
        281. Rutigliano JA, Morris MY, Yue W, Keating R, Webby RJ, Thomas PG, Doherty PC. Protective memory responses are modulated by priming events prior to challenge.. J Virol 2010 Jan;84(2):1047-56.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01535-09pubmed: 19889782google scholar: lookup
        282. Munier S, Larcher T, Cormier-Aline F, Soubieux D, Su B, Guigand L, Labrosse B, Cherel Y, Quu00e9ru00e9 P, Marc D, Naffakh N. A genetically engineered waterfowl influenza virus with a deletion in the stalk of the neuraminidase has increased virulence for chickens.. J Virol 2010 Jan;84(2):940-52.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01581-09pubmed: 19889765google scholar: lookup
        283. Wang CC, Chen JR, Tseng YC, Hsu CH, Hung YF, Chen SW, Chen CM, Khoo KH, Cheng TJ, Cheng YS, Jan JT, Wu CY, Ma C, Wong CH. Glycans on influenza hemagglutinin affect receptor binding and immune response.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 Oct 27;106(43):18137-42.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909696106pubmed: 19822741google scholar: lookup
        284. Liu J, Stevens DJ, Haire LF, Walker PA, Coombs PJ, Russell RJ, Gamblin SJ, Skehel JJ. Structures of receptor complexes formed by hemagglutinins from the Asian Influenza pandemic of 1957.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 Oct 6;106(40):17175-80.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906849106pubmed: 19805083google scholar: lookup
        285. Shriver Z, Raman R, Viswanathan K, Sasisekharan R. Context-specific target definition in influenza a virus hemagglutinin-glycan receptor interactions.. Chem Biol 2009 Aug 28;16(8):803-14.
        286. Zhang P, Tang Y, Liu X, Liu W, Zhang X, Liu H, Peng D, Gao S, Wu Y, Zhang L, Lu S, Liu X. A novel genotype H9N2 influenza virus possessing human H5N1 internal genomes has been circulating in poultry in eastern China since 1998.. J Virol 2009 Sep;83(17):8428-38.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00659-09pubmed: 19553328google scholar: lookup
        287. Jackson S, Van Hoeven N, Chen LM, Maines TR, Cox NJ, Katz JM, Donis RO. Reassortment between avian H5N1 and human H3N2 influenza viruses in ferrets: a public health risk assessment.. J Virol 2009 Aug;83(16):8131-40.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00534-09pubmed: 19493997google scholar: lookup
        288. Liu D, Liu X, Yan J, Liu WJ, Gao GF. Interspecies transmission and host restriction of avian H5N1 influenza virus.. Sci China C Life Sci 2009 May;52(5):428-38.
          doi: 10.1007/s11427-009-0062-zpubmed: 19471865google scholar: lookup
        289. Yang J, Gebe JA, Huston L, James E, Tan V, Yue BB, Nepom GT, Kwok WW. H5N1 strain-specific hemagglutinin CD4+ T cell epitopes restricted by HLA DR4.. Vaccine 2009 Jun 12;27(29):3862-9.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.019pubmed: 19446935google scholar: lookup
        290. Scull MA, Gillim-Ross L, Santos C, Roberts KL, Bordonali E, Subbarao K, Barclay WS, Pickles RJ. Avian Influenza virus glycoproteins restrict virus replication and spread through human airway epithelium at temperatures of the proximal airways.. PLoS Pathog 2009 May;5(5):e1000424.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424pubmed: 19436701google scholar: lookup
        291. Xu D, Newhouse EI, Amaro RE, Pao HC, Cheng LS, Markwick PR, McCammon JA, Li WW, Arzberger PW. Distinct glycan topology for avian and human sialopentasaccharide receptor analogues upon binding different hemagglutinins: a molecular dynamics perspective.. J Mol Biol 2009 Mar 27;387(2):465-91.
          doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.01.040pubmed: 19356594google scholar: lookup
        292. Veljkovic V, Veljkovic N, Muller CP, Mu00fcller S, Glisic S, Perovic V, Ku00f6hler H. Characterization of conserved properties of hemagglutinin of H5N1 and human influenza viruses: possible consequences for therapy and infection control.. BMC Struct Biol 2009 Apr 7;9:21.
          doi: 10.1186/1472-6807-9-21pubmed: 19351406google scholar: lookup
        293. Guo Y, Rumschlag-Booms E, Wang J, Xiao H, Yu J, Wang J, Guo L, Gao GF, Cao Y, Caffrey M, Rong L. Analysis of hemagglutinin-mediated entry tropism of H5N1 avian influenza.. Virol J 2009 Apr 2;6:39.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-39pubmed: 19341465google scholar: lookup
        294. Van Hoeven N, Pappas C, Belser JA, Maines TR, Zeng H, Garcu00eda-Sastre A, Sasisekharan R, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. Human HA and polymerase subunit PB2 proteins confer transmission of an avian influenza virus through the air.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 Mar 3;106(9):3366-71.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0813172106pubmed: 19211790google scholar: lookup
        295. Pekosz A, Newby C, Bose PS, Lutz A. Sialic acid recognition is a key determinant of influenza A virus tropism in murine trachea epithelial cell cultures.. Virology 2009 Mar 30;386(1):61-7.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.005pubmed: 19195676google scholar: lookup
        296. Reed ML, Yen HL, DuBois RM, Bridges OA, Salomon R, Webster RG, Russell CJ. Amino acid residues in the fusion peptide pocket regulate the pH of activation of the H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin protein.. J Virol 2009 Apr;83(8):3568-80.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02238-08pubmed: 19193808google scholar: lookup
        297. Yen HL, Aldridge JR, Boon AC, Ilyushina NA, Salomon R, Hulse-Post DJ, Marjuki H, Franks J, Boltz DA, Bush D, Lipatov AS, Webby RJ, Rehg JE, Webster RG. Changes in H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding domain affect systemic spread.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 Jan 6;106(1):286-91.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811052106pubmed: 19116267google scholar: lookup
        298. Shirato H, Ogawa S, Ito H, Sato T, Kameyama A, Narimatsu H, Xiaofan Z, Miyamura T, Wakita T, Ishii K, Takeda N. Noroviruses distinguish between type 1 and type 2 histo-blood group antigens for binding.. J Virol 2008 Nov;82(21):10756-67.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00802-08pubmed: 18701592google scholar: lookup
        299. Stevens J, Blixt O, Chen LM, Donis RO, Paulson JC, Wilson IA. Recent avian H5N1 viruses exhibit increased propensity for acquiring human receptor specificity.. J Mol Biol 2008 Sep 19;381(5):1382-94.
          doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.016pubmed: 18672252google scholar: lookup
        300. Shtyrya Y, Mochalova L, Voznova G, Rudneva I, Shilov A, Kaverin N, Bovin N. Adjustment of receptor-binding and neuraminidase substrate specificities in avian-human reassortant influenza viruses.. Glycoconj J 2009 Jan;26(1):99-109.
          doi: 10.1007/s10719-008-9169-xpubmed: 18661232google scholar: lookup
        301. Gambaryan AS, Tuzikov AB, Pazynina GV, Desheva JA, Bovin NV, Matrosovich MN, Klimov AI. 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X is the common receptor determinant recognized by H5, H6, H7 and H9 influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry.. Virol J 2008 Jul 24;5:85.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-85pubmed: 18652681google scholar: lookup
        302. Sawada T, Hashimoto T, Tokiwa H, Suzuki T, Nakano H, Ishida H, Kiso M, Suzuki Y. Ab initio fragment molecular orbital studies of influenza virus hemagglutinin-sialosaccharide complexes toward chemical clarification about the virus host range determination.. Glycoconj J 2008 Dec;25(9):805-15.
          doi: 10.1007/s10719-008-9141-9pubmed: 18574690google scholar: lookup
        303. Bateman AC, Busch MG, Karasin AI, Bovin N, Olsen CW. Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H4N6 influenza virus determines binding affinity for alpha2,6-linked sialic acid and infectivity levels in primary swine and human respiratory epithelial cells.. J Virol 2008 Aug;82(16):8204-9.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00718-08pubmed: 18550676google scholar: lookup
        304. Belser JA, Blixt O, Chen LM, Pappas C, Maines TR, Van Hoeven N, Donis R, Busch J, McBride R, Paulson JC, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. Contemporary North American influenza H7 viruses possess human receptor specificity: Implications for virus transmissibility.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 May 27;105(21):7558-63.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801259105pubmed: 18508975google scholar: lookup
        305. Korteweg C, Gu J. Pathology, molecular biology, and pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans.. Am J Pathol 2008 May;172(5):1155-70.
          doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070791pubmed: 18403604google scholar: lookup
        306. Meisner J, Szretter KJ, Bradley KC, Langley WA, Li ZN, Lee BJ, Thoennes S, Martin J, Skehel JJ, Russell RJ, Katz JM, Steinhauer DA. Infectivity studies of influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding site mutants in mice.. J Virol 2008 May;82(10):5079-83.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01958-07pubmed: 18353965google scholar: lookup
        307. Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Kim JH, Hatta M, Kawaoka Y. Novel approach to the development of effective H5N1 influenza A virus vaccines: use of M2 cytoplasmic tail mutants.. J Virol 2008 Mar;82(5):2486-92.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.01899-07pubmed: 18160446google scholar: lookup
        308. Ma W, Vincent AL, Gramer MR, Brockwell CB, Lager KM, Janke BH, Gauger PC, Patnayak DP, Webby RJ, Richt JA. Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20949-54.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710286104pubmed: 18093945google scholar: lookup
        309. McCarthy AJ, Shaw MA, Goodman SJ. Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores.. Proc Biol Sci 2007 Dec 22;274(1629):3165-74.
          doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0884pubmed: 17956850google scholar: lookup
        310. Wang Q, Tian X, Chen X, Ma J. Structural basis for receptor specificity of influenza B virus hemagglutinin.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 Oct 23;104(43):16874-9.
          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708363104pubmed: 17942670google scholar: lookup
        311. van Riel D, Munster VJ, de Wit E, Rimmelzwaan GF, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T. Human and avian influenza viruses target different cells in the lower respiratory tract of humans and other mammals.. Am J Pathol 2007 Oct;171(4):1215-23.
          doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070248pubmed: 17717141google scholar: lookup
        312. Kumari K, Gulati S, Smith DF, Gulati U, Cummings RD, Air GM. Receptor binding specificity of recent human H3N2 influenza viruses.. Virol J 2007 May 9;4:42.
          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-4-42pubmed: 17490484google scholar: lookup
        313. Subbarao K, Joseph T. Scientific barriers to developing vaccines against avian influenza viruses.. Nat Rev Immunol 2007 Apr;7(4):267-78.
          doi: 10.1038/nri2054pubmed: 17363960google scholar: lookup
        314. Wan H, Perez DR. Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells.. J Virol 2007 May;81(10):5181-91.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02827-06pubmed: 17344280google scholar: lookup
        315. Pourmand N, Diamond L, Garten R, Erickson JP, Kumm J, Donis RO, Davis RW. Rapid and highly informative diagnostic assay for H5N1 influenza viruses.. PLoS One 2006 Dec 20;1(1):e95.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000095pubmed: 17183727google scholar: lookup
        316. Aamir UB, Wernery U, Ilyushina N, Webster RG. Characterization of avian H9N2 influenza viruses from United Arab Emirates 2000 to 2003.. Virology 2007 Apr 25;361(1):45-55.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.037pubmed: 17157891google scholar: lookup
        317. Newby CM, Rowe RK, Pekosz A. Influenza A virus infection of primary differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures derived from Syrian golden hamsters.. Virology 2006 Oct 10;354(1):80-90.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.024pubmed: 16876846google scholar: lookup
        318. Ibricevic A, Pekosz A, Walter MJ, Newby C, Battaile JT, Brown EG, Holtzman MJ, Brody SL. Influenza virus receptor specificity and cell tropism in mouse and human airway epithelial cells.. J Virol 2006 Aug;80(15):7469-80.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.02677-05pubmed: 16840327google scholar: lookup
        319. Kogure T, Suzuki T, Takahashi T, Miyamoto D, Hidari KI, Guo CT, Ito T, Kawaoka Y, Suzuki Y. Human trachea primary epithelial cells express both sialyl(alpha2-3)Gal receptor for human parainfluenza virus type 1 and avian influenza viruses, and sialyl(alpha2-6)Gal receptor for human influenza viruses.. Glycoconj J 2006 Feb;23(1-2):101-6.
          doi: 10.1007/s10719-006-5442-zpubmed: 16575527google scholar: lookup
        320. Glaser L, Zamarin D, Acland HM, Spackman E, Palese P, Garcu00eda-Sastre A, Tewari D. Sequenc