FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2014; 78(2); 103-109;

Recovery from desflurane anesthesia in horses with and without post-anesthetic xylazine.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare recovery from desflurane anesthesia in horses with or without post-anesthetic xylazine. Six adult horses were anesthetized on 2 occasions, 14 d apart using a prospective, randomized crossover design. Horses were sedated with xylazine, induced to lateral recumbency with ketamine and diazepam, and anesthesia was maintained with desflurane. One of 2 treatments was administered intravenously at the end of anesthesia: xylazine [0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW)] or an equivalent volume of saline. Recovery parameters were recorded and assessed by 2 blinded observers. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze recovery data. Heart rate, arterial blood pressures, and arterial blood gas data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. Duration of anesthesia was not different between groups. Administration of xylazine at the end of desflurane anesthesia was associated with significantly longer times to first movement, endotracheal tube removal, first attempt to achieve sternal recumbency, sternal recumbency, first attempt to stand, and standing. Number of attempts to stand and quality of recovery scores were not different between groups. Administering xylazine after desflurane anesthesia resulted in longer recovery times. Recovery scores were not significantly different between groups. L’objectif de la présente étude était de comparer la récupération suite à une anesthésie au desflurane chez des chevaux avec ou sans administration post-anesthésie de xylazine. Six chevaux adultes furent anesthésiés à deux occasions à 14 j d’intervalle, en utilisant un design expérimental croisé aléatoire. Les chevaux ont été soumis à une sédation à la xylazine, mis en décubitus latéral avec de la kétamine et du diazépam, et l’anesthésie maintenue avec du desflurane. Un des deux traitements suivants fut administré par voie intraveineuse à la fin de l’anesthésie : xylazine (0,2 mg/kg de poids corporel) ou un volume équivalent de saline. Les paramètres de récupération furent enregistrés et évalués à l’aveugle par deux observateurs. Le test de comparaison des données de Wilcoxon fut utilisé pour analyser les données de récupération. Le rythme cardiaque, la pression artérielle, et les données des gaz sanguins artériels furent analysés par analyse de variance (ANOVA) pour des mesures répétées. Des valeurs de P < 0,05 étaient considérées comme significatives. La durée de l’anesthésie n’était pas différente entre les groupes. L’administration de xylazine à la fin de l’anesthésie au desflurane était associée à des délais significativement plus longs avant : un premier mouvement, le retrait du tube endotrachéal, un premier essai pour se mettre en décubitus sternal, le décubitus sternal, un premier essai pour se mettre debout, et se tenir debout. Le nombre d’essais pour se tenir debout et la qualité des pointages de récupération n’étaient pas différents entre les groupes. L’administration de xylazine suite à l’anesthésie au desflurane a entraîné des temps de récupération plus longs. Les pointages de récupération n’étaient pas significativement différents entre les groupes.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2014-04-02 PubMed ID: 24688171PubMed Central: PMC3962272
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study focuses on the impact of xylazine, a sedative, on the recovery time of horses after being anesthetized with desflurane. It found that those who were administered with xylazine post-anesthesia required significantly more time to recover, even though the overall quality of recovery was not significantly different.

Study Methodology

  • The research was conducted on six adult horses, each anesthetized twice with a gap of 14 days in a controlled environment.
  • The horses were first sedated with xylazine and then laid in lateral recumbency using a combination of ketamine and diazepam. The anesthesia was then maintained with desflurane.
  • At the end of the anesthesia, the horses were given one of two treatments intravenously. The options were xylazine (0.2 mg/kg of body weight) or an equivalent volume of saline (saltwater solution).

Data Analysis

  • The researchers recorded a number of recovery parameters, such as time to first movement, endotracheal tube removal time and attempts, and time to achieve sternal recumbency (ability to lie down on the sternum).
  • Additionally, they also measured time for the horses to first attempt to stand and successfully stand up.
  • Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gas data were also collected for analysis. This data was then analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures.

Findings

  • The duration of anesthesia did not differ significantly between the two groups (those who received xylazine post-anesthesia and those who did not).
  • However, the group who had been administered xylazine post-anesthesia took significantly longer times to achieve several recovery milestones like moving for the first time, removing the endotracheal tube, attempting to lie on the sternum or stand up and actually standing up.
  • Yet, there was no difference in the number of standing attempts or the overall quality of recovery between the two groups.
  • This means that recovery periods were lengthened as a result of administering xylazine post-anesthesia.

Cite This Article

APA
Aarnes TK, Bednarski RM, Bertone AL, Hubbell JA, Lerche P. (2014). Recovery from desflurane anesthesia in horses with and without post-anesthetic xylazine. Can J Vet Res, 78(2), 103-109.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 78
Issue: 2
Pages: 103-109

Researcher Affiliations

Aarnes, Turi K
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Bednarski, Richard M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Bertone, Alicia L
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Hubbell, John A E
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Lerche, Phillip
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Anesthesia / veterinary
  • Anesthesia Recovery Period
  • Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage
  • Animals
  • Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Blood Pressure / physiology
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Desflurane
  • Female
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Horses / physiology
  • Isoflurane / administration & dosage
  • Isoflurane / analogs & derivatives
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Statistics, Nonparametric
  • Videotape Recording
  • Xylazine / administration & dosage

References

This article includes 30 references
  1. Bidwell LA, Bramlage LR, Rood WA. Equine perioperative fatalities associated with general anaesthesia at a private practice--a retrospective case series.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007 Jan;34(1):23-30.
    pubmed: 17238959doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00283.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  2. Johnston GM, Taylor PM, Holmes MA, Wood JL. Confidential enquiry of perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF-1): preliminary results.. Equine Vet J 1995 May;27(3):193-200.
    pubmed: 7556046doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03062.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  3. Mee AM, Cripps PJ, Jones RS. A retrospective study of mortality associated with general anaesthesia in horses: elective procedures.. Vet Rec 1998 Mar 14;142(11):275-6.
    pubmed: 9569482doi: 10.1136/vr.142.11.275google scholar: lookup
  4. Young SS, Taylor PM. Factors influencing the outcome of equine anaesthesia: a review of 1,314 cases.. Equine Vet J 1993 Mar;25(2):147-51.
    pubmed: 8467775doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02926.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Senior JM, Pinchbeck GL, Allister R, Dugdale AH, Clark L, Clutton RE, Coumbe K, Dyson S, Clegg PD. Reported morbidities following 861 anaesthetics given at four equine hospitals.. Vet Rec 2007 Mar 24;160(12):407-8.
    pubmed: 17384293doi: 10.1136/vr.160.12.407google scholar: lookup
  6. Johnston GM, Eastment JK, Wood J, Taylor PM. The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2002 Oct;29(4):159-170.
    pubmed: 28404360doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00106.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Yamashita K, Muir WW 3rd, Tsubakishita S, Abrahamsen E, Lerch P, Izumisawa Y, Kotani T. Infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002 Oct 15;221(8):1150-5.
    pubmed: 12387385doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1150google scholar: lookup
  8. Grosenbaugh DA, Muir WW. Cardiorespiratory effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1998 Jan;59(1):101-6.
    pubmed: 9442252
  9. Hubbell JAE. Recovery from anaesthesia in horses. Equine Vet Educ 1999;11:160–167.
  10. Bauquier SH, Kona-Boun JJ. [Comparison of the effects of xylazine and romifidine administered perioperatively on the recovery of anesthetized horses].. Can Vet J 2011 Sep;52(9):987-93.
    pmc: PMC3157074pubmed: 22379199
  11. Santos M, Fuente M, Garcia-Iturralde R, Herran R, Lopez-Sanroman J, Tendillo FJ. Effects of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists during recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses.. Equine Vet J 2003 Mar;35(2):170-5.
    pubmed: 12638794doi: 10.2746/042516403776114117google scholar: lookup
  12. Steffey EP. Recent advances in inhalation anesthesia.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2002 Apr;18(1):159-68.
    pubmed: 12064177doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(01)00007-4google scholar: lookup
  13. Steffey EP, Woliner MJ, Puschner B, Galey FD. Effects of desflurane and mode of ventilation on cardiovascular and respiratory functions and clinicopathologic variables in horses.. Am J Vet Res 2005 Apr;66(4):669-77.
    pubmed: 15900949doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.669google scholar: lookup
  14. Steffey EP, Mama KR, Brosnan RJ, Imai A, Maxwell LK, Cole CA, Stanley SD. Effect of administration of propofol and xylazine hydrochloride on recovery of horses after four hours of anesthesia with desflurane.. Am J Vet Res 2009 Aug;70(8):956-63.
    pubmed: 19645576doi: 10.2460/ajvr.70.8.956google scholar: lookup
  15. Valverde A, Black B, Cribb NC, Hathway A, Daw A. Assessment of unassisted recovery from repeated general isoflurane anesthesia in horses following post-anesthetic administration of xylazine or acepromazine or a combination of xylazine and ketamine.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013 Jan;40(1):3-12.
    pubmed: 23016627doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00782.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  16. Matthews NS, Hartsfield SM, Mercer D, Beleau MH, MacKenthun A. Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in horses: comparison to isoflurane and effect of postmedication with xylazine.. Vet Surg 1998 Sep-Oct;27(5):480-5.
    pubmed: 9749520doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1998.tb00160.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  17. Ishihara A, Zekas LJ, Litsky AS, Weisbrode SE, Bertone AL. Dermal fibroblast-mediated BMP2 therapy to accelerate bone healing in an equine osteotomy model.. J Orthop Res 2010 Mar;28(3):403-11.
    pubmed: 19777486doi: 10.1002/jor.20978google scholar: lookup
  18. Muir WW, Hubbell JAE. Considerations for induction, maintenance, and recovery. In: Muir WW, Hubbell JAE, editors. Equine Anesthesia Monitoring and Emergency Therapy. St Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. pp. 381–396.
  19. Wagner AE, Mama KR, Steffey EP, Hellyer PW. A comparison of equine recovery characteristics after isoflurane or isoflurane followed by a xylazine-ketamine infusion.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008 Mar;35(2):154-60.
    pubmed: 18275487doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00368.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  20. Mama KR, Steffey EP, Pascoe PJ. Evaluation of propofol for general anesthesia in premedicated horses.. Am J Vet Res 1996 Apr;57(4):512-6.
    pubmed: 8712516
  21. Viera AJ, Garrett JM. Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic.. Fam Med 2005 May;37(5):360-3.
    pubmed: 15883903
  22. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.. Biometrics 1977 Mar;33(1):159-74.
    pubmed: 843571
  23. Valverde A, Gunkelt C, Doherty TJ, Giguère S, Pollak AS. Effect of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane general anaesthesia in horses.. Equine Vet J 2005 Nov;37(6):559-64.
    pubmed: 16295936doi: 10.2746/042516405775314772google scholar: lookup
  24. Woodhouse KJ, Brosnan RJ, Nguyen KQ, Moniz GW, Galuppo LD. Effects of postanesthetic sedation with romifidine or xylazine on quality of recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013 Feb 15;242(4):533-9.
    pubmed: 23363287doi: 10.2460/javma.242.4.533google scholar: lookup
  25. Santos M, López-Sanromán J, García-Iturralde P, Fuente M, Tendillo FJ. Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2005 Nov;32(6):355-9.
    pubmed: 16297045doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00205.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  26. Whitehair KJ, Steffey EP, Willits NH, Woliner MJ. Recovery of horses from inhalation anesthesia.. Am J Vet Res 1993 Oct;54(10):1693-702.
    pubmed: 8250395
  27. Clarke KW, Song DY, Alibhai HI, Lee YH. Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in ponies, after induction of anaesthesia with xylazine and ketamine.. Vet Rec 1996 Aug 24;139(8):180-5.
    pubmed: 8873398doi: 10.1136/vr.139.8.180google scholar: lookup
  28. Kersten J, Pagel PS, Tessmer JP, Roerig DL, Schmeling WT, Warltier DC. Dexmedetomidine alters the hemodynamic effects of desflurane and isoflurane in chronically instrumented dogs.. Anesthesiology 1993 Nov;79(5):1022-32.
    pubmed: 7902030doi: 10.1097/00000542-199311000-00021google scholar: lookup
  29. Clarke KW. Desflurane and sevoflurane. New volatile anesthetic agents.. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1999 May;29(3):793-810, viii.
    pubmed: 10332823doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50061-2google scholar: lookup
  30. Weiskopf RB, Moore MA, Eger EI 2nd, Noorani M, McKay L, Chortkoff B, Hart PS, Damask M. Rapid increase in desflurane concentration is associated with greater transient cardiovascular stimulation than with rapid increase in isoflurane concentration in humans.. Anesthesiology 1994 May;80(5):1035-45.
    pubmed: 8017643doi: 10.1097/00000542-199405000-00013google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11061777pubmed: 34198637google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,928 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.