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Recovery of African horse sickness virus from synthetic RNA.
Abstract: African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an insect-vectored emerging pathogen of equine species. AHSV (nine serotypes) is a member of the genus Orbivirus, with a morphology and coding strategy similar to that of the type member, bluetongue virus. However, these viruses are distinct at the genetic level, in the proteins they encode and in their pathobiology. AHSV infection of horses is highly virulent with a mortality rate of up to 90 %. AHSV is transmitted by Culicoides, a common European insect, and has the potential to emerge in Europe from endemic countries of Africa. As a result, a safe and effective vaccine is sought urgently. As part of a programme to generate a designed highly attenuated vaccine, we report here the recovery of AHSV from a complete set of RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro from cDNA clones. We have demonstrated the generation of mutant and reassortant AHSV genomes, their recovery, stable passage, and characterization. Our findings provide a new approach to investigate AHSV replication, to design AHSV vaccines and to aid diagnosis.
Publication Date: 2013-07-16 PubMed ID: 23860489DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.055905-0Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research paper focuses on the recovery of the African horse sickness virus (AHSV) using synthetic RNA for vaccine development, providing a novel approach to study AHSV replication and aid diagnosis.
Context and Background
- The African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) is a fatal emerging pathogen that affects equine species. This virus is transferred through insects and has nine different serotypes.
- Though similar to the bluetongue virus in terms of morphology and coding strategy, differences exist in terms of their genetic level, the proteins they encode and their pathobiology.
- AHSV carries high mortality rates of up to 90% in horses.
- The virus is predominantly found in Africa but could potentially emerge in Europe due to transmission by Culicoides, a common European insect.
- Given these serious implications, there is a pressing need for a safe and effective vaccine against AHSV.
Research Goals and Methods
- The goal of the research was to create a highly attenuated vaccine and to advance our understanding of AHSV replication and diagnosis.
- The researchers achieved recovery of AHSV using a complete set of RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro from cDNA clones. This innovative approach contributed towards the creation of the desired vaccine.
- These synthesized in vitro RNA transcripts created a basis for exploring the generation of mutant and reassortant AHSV genomes.
Results and Findings
- The test results confirmed the possibility of creating mutant and reassortant AHSV genomes.
- The researchers successfully recovered these created genomes and ensured their stable passage and characterization.
- These positive outcomes indicate that the use of synthetic RNA could be a new approach to investigate AHSV replication, vaccine design, and diagnostic aid.
Conclusion and Future Implications
- This research provides a significant leap forward in the study of AHSV. By successfully recovering the virus from synthetic RNA, it paves the way for the development of a robust vaccine against AHSV.
- Proper development and use of such a vaccine could drastically reduce the mortality rates of AHSV-affected equine species.
- This study’s findings also facilitate further exploration of AHSV replication and diagnosis, enhancing our understanding of the virus and potentially informing other related research areas.
Cite This Article
APA
Kaname Y, Celma CCP, Kanai Y, Roy P.
(2013).
Recovery of African horse sickness virus from synthetic RNA.
J Gen Virol, 94(Pt 10), 2259-2265.
https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.055905-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
MeSH Terms
- African Horse Sickness Virus / genetics
- African Horse Sickness Virus / metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / physiology
- Genome, Viral
- RNA, Viral / biosynthesis
- RNA, Viral / chemistry
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Reassortant Viruses
- Virus Replication
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Wang J, Qin S, Li K, Yin X, Sun D, Chang J. Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination. Microorganisms 2025 Jul 4;13(7).
- Minami S, Nouda R, Hirai K, Chen Z, Kotaki T, Kanai Y, Kobayashi T. Establishment of reverse genetics systems for Colorado tick fever virus. PLoS Pathog 2025 Feb;21(2):e1012921.
- Nouda R, Minami S, Kanai Y, Kawagishi T, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kuwata R, Shimoda H, Maeda K, Kobayashi T. Development of an entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics system for 12-segmented double-stranded RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 Oct 19;118(42).
- Calvo-Pinilla E, Marín-López A, Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Ortego J. Reverse genetics approaches: a novel strategy for African horse sickness virus vaccine design. Curr Opin Virol 2020 Oct;44:49-56.
- Dennis SJ, Meyers AE, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP. African Horse Sickness: A Review of Current Understanding and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2019 Sep 11;11(9).
- Schade-Weskott ML, van Schalkwyk A, Koekemoer JJO. A correlation between capsid protein VP2 and the plaque morphology of African horse sickness virus in cell culture. Virus Genes 2018 Aug;54(4):527-535.
- Komoto S, Kanai Y, Fukuda S, Kugita M, Kawagishi T, Ito N, Sugiyama M, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T, Taniguchi K. Reverse Genetics System Demonstrates that Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein NSP6 Is Not Essential for Viral Replication in Cell Culture. J Virol 2017 Nov 1;91(21).
- Kanai Y, Komoto S, Kawagishi T, Nouda R, Nagasawa N, Onishi M, Matsuura Y, Taniguchi K, Kobayashi T. Entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics system for rotaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017 Feb 28;114(9):2349-2354.
- Fajardo T Jr, AlShaikhahmed K, Roy P. Generation of infectious RNA complexes in Orbiviruses: RNA-RNA interactions of genomic segments. Oncotarget 2016 Nov 8;7(45):72559-72570.
- Conradie AM, Stassen L, Huismans H, Potgieter CA, Theron J. Establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of African horse sickness virus. Virology 2016 Dec;499:144-155.
- van Rijn PA, van de Water SG, Feenstra F, van Gennip RG. Requirements and comparative analysis of reverse genetics for bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Virol J 2016 Jul 2;13:119.
- Lulla V, Lulla A, Wernike K, Aebischer A, Beer M, Roy P. Assembly of Replication-Incompetent African Horse Sickness Virus Particles: Rational Design of Vaccines for All Serotypes. J Virol 2016 Aug 15;90(16):7405-7414.
- Kawagishi T, Kanai Y, Tani H, Shimojima M, Saijo M, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T. Reverse Genetics for Fusogenic Bat-Borne Orthoreovirus Associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: Role of Outer Capsid Protein σC in Viral Replication and Pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2016 Feb;12(2):e1005455.
- Matsuo E, Saeki K, Roy P, Kawano J. Development of reverse genetics for Ibaraki virus to produce viable VP6-tagged IBAV. FEBS Open Bio 2015;5:445-53.
- van de Water SG, van Gennip RG, Potgieter CA, Wright IM, van Rijn PA. VP2 Exchange and NS3/NS3a Deletion in African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) in Development of Disabled Infectious Single Animal Vaccine Candidates for AHSV. J Virol 2015 Sep;89(17):8764-72.
- Patel A, Roy P. The molecular biology of Bluetongue virus replication. Virus Res 2014 Mar;182:5-20.
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