Recovery of peripheral chemoreceptor function after denervation in ponies.
Abstract: Resting ventilation (PaCO2) and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia and to intravenous NaCN were assessed over a 4-yr period following cutting of the carotid sinus nerves and stripping the adventitia of the aortic arch. The data indicated essentially complete loss of peripheral chemoreceptor function immediately after surgery and hypoventilation during normoxia (delta PaCO2 = +8.7 Torr). There was a time-dependent, partial recovery of peripheral chemoreceptor function between 2 and 22 mo after surgery. Approximately 10% of the ventilatory response to iv NaCN returned, and 30-40% of the normal response to acute hypoxia was restored. Resting PaCO2 was no longer significantly elevated above normal by 22 mo after surgery. Four years after surgery these animals were unable to sustain normal ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia just as in an earlier study in the same ponies. Experiments carried out under anesthesia showed that recovered peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity was not present in the carotid chemoreceptor area. However, sectioning of the aortic nerve caused the animals to again hypoventilate during acute hypoxia, and it nearly eliminated the ventilatory response to NaCN, but normal eucapnic ventilation was retained. We conclude that in the pony aortic chemoreceptors become functional in a time-dependent manner following carotid body denervation.
Publication Date: 1980-12-01 PubMed ID: 7192274DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1980.49.6.964Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This study investigates how the function of peripheral chemoreceptors, which regulate ventilation and oxygen flow in ponies, recover after nerve damage. The researchers found that although full restoration was not achieved, there was a significant partial recovery of receptor function over a 2 to 22 months period post-surgery.
Study Design and Method
- The researchers use ponies as subjects, assessing the state of their ventilation and reactions to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and sodium cyanide (NaCN) over a course of four years following a surgical procedure that involved cutting the carotid sinus nerves and stripping the adventitia of the aortic arch.
- The procedure is designed to cause a loss of chemoreceptor functionality.
- Ventilation and response measurements are taken to gauge the impact of the surgery and the subsequent recovery progress.
Observations and Findings
- There was a complete loss of function in the ponies’ peripheral chemoreceptors immediately after surgery, as expected.
- In the months following surgery, there was a significant and gradual return of peripheral chemoreceptor function, albeit partial.
- About 10% of the ventilatory response to sodium cyanide and about 30-40% of the normal response to acute hypoxia was restored between 2 and 22 months post-surgery.
- Resting PaCO2 normalization was achieved by 22 months post-surgery, although, in chronic hypoxia, the subjects were unresponsive in the same manner as prior to surgery.
Conclusions
- The recovered chemoreceptor sensitivity was not present in the carotid area post-recovery, although sectioning of the aortic nerve caused the return of hypoventilation in acute hypoxia conditions.
- This study concludes that ponies experience a time-dependent functional recovery in aortic chemoreceptors after carotid body denervation, but not to the full pre-surgery capability.
Cite This Article
APA
Bisgard GE, Forster HV, Klein JP.
(1980).
Recovery of peripheral chemoreceptor function after denervation in ponies.
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol, 49(6), 964-970.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1980.49.6.964 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Acid-Base Equilibrium
- Altitude
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Chemoreceptor Cells / physiology
- Cyanides / pharmacology
- Denervation
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Humans
- Hypoxia / physiopathology
- Neurons, Afferent / physiology
- Respiration
Grant Funding
- HL-15473 / NHLBI NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 23 times.- Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Lewis SJ. The Role of Carotid Sinus Nerve Input in the Hypoxic-Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response in Juvenile Rats. Front Physiol 2020;11:613786.
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- Mouradian GC Jr, Liu P, Hodges MR. Raphe gene expression changes implicate immune-related functions in ventilatory plasticity following carotid body denervation in rats. Exp Neurol 2017 Jan;287(Pt 2):102-112.
- Angelova PR, Kasymov V, Christie I, Sheikhbahaei S, Turovsky E, Marina N, Korsak A, Zwicker J, Teschemacher AG, Ackland GL, Funk GD, Kasparov S, Abramov AY, Gourine AV. Functional Oxygen Sensitivity of Astrocytes. J Neurosci 2015 Jul 22;35(29):10460-73.
- Smith CA, Blain GM, Henderson KS, Dempsey JA. Peripheral chemoreceptors determine the respiratory sensitivity of central chemoreceptors to CO2 : role of carotid body CO2. J Physiol 2015 Sep 15;593(18):4225-43.
- Hodges MR, Forster HV. Respiratory neuroplasticity following carotid body denervation: Central and peripheral adaptations. Neural Regen Res 2012 May 15;7(14):1073-9.
- Miller JR, Neumueller S, Muere C, Olesiak S, Pan L, Bukowy JD, Daghistany AO, Hodges MR, Forster HV. Changes in glutamate receptor subunits within the medulla in goats after section of the carotid sinus nerves. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014 Jun 15;116(12):1531-42.
- Forster H, Bonis J, Krause K, Wenninger J, Neumueller S, Hodges M, Pan L. Contributions of the pre-Bötzinger complex and the Kölliker-fuse nuclei to respiratory rhythm and pattern generation in awake and sleeping goats. Prog Brain Res 2014;209:73-89.
- Miller JR, Neumueller S, Muere C, Olesiak S, Pan L, Hodges MR, Forster HV. Changes in neurochemicals within the ventrolateral medullary respiratory column in awake goats after carotid body denervation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013 Oct 1;115(7):1088-98.
- Kumar P, Prabhakar NR. Peripheral chemoreceptors: function and plasticity of the carotid body. Compr Physiol 2012 Jan;2(1):141-219.
- Mouradian GC, Forster HV, Hodges MR. Acute and chronic effects of carotid body denervation on ventilation and chemoreflexes in three rat strains. J Physiol 2012 Jul 15;590(14):3335-47.
- Blain GM, Smith CA, Henderson KS, Dempsey JA. Peripheral chemoreceptors determine the respiratory sensitivity of central chemoreceptors to CO(2). J Physiol 2010 Jul 1;588(Pt 13):2455-71.
- Forster HV, Smith CA. Contributions of central and peripheral chemoreceptors to the ventilatory response to CO2/H+. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010 Apr;108(4):989-94.
- Blain GM, Smith CA, Henderson KS, Dempsey JA. Contribution of the carotid body chemoreceptors to eupneic ventilation in the intact, unanesthetized dog. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009 May;106(5):1564-73.
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- Kline DD, Peng YJ, Manalo DJ, Semenza GL, Prabhakar NR. Defective carotid body function and impaired ventilatory responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Jan 22;99(2):821-6.
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- Martin-Body RL, Robson GJ, Sinclair JD. Respiratory effects of sectioning the carotid sinus glossopharyngeal and abdominal vagal nerves in the awake rat. J Physiol 1985 Apr;361:35-45.
- Martin-Body RL, Robson GJ, Sinclair JD. Restoration of hypoxic respiratory responses in the awake rat after carotid body denervation by sinus nerve section. J Physiol 1986 Nov;380:61-73.
- Kamra K, Xia Z, Zucker IH, Schultz H, Wang HJ. Chemoreflex function in pulmonary diseases - A review. J Physiol 2025 Aug;603(16):4461-4482.
- Khalilpour J, Soltani Zangbar H, Alipour MR, Shahabi P. The hypoxic respiratory response of the pre-Bötzinger complex. Heliyon 2024 Jul 30;10(14):e34491.
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