Red blood cell deformability and aggregation behaviour in different animal species.
Abstract: Comparative animal studies showed the wide variation of whole blood and plasma viscosity, and erythrocyte aggregation among mammalian species. Whole blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation is influenced by red cell fluidity. To evaluate differences in erythrocyte deformability in mammals, three species were investigated, whose erythrocytes have a different aggregation property: horse, as a species with high, dog with medium, and sheep with almost unmeasurable aggregation tendency. Erythrocyte deformability was tested ektacytometrically (Elongation Index [EI], LORCA, Mechatronics, Hoorn, Netherlands) at shear stresses from 0.30 to 53.06 Pa. Equine erythrocytes showed EI-values from 0.047 at low shear stress to 0.541 at high shear stress. The EI from dog's erythrocytes ranged from 0.035 to 0.595. Sheep's erythrocytes had an EI of 0.005 at low and 0.400 at high shear stress. Although it might be presumed from the aggregation property that horse had the highest EI among the three species, the EI of canine erythrocytes exceeded the value in horses by 10% at high shear stress. Further, equine erythrocytes started to deform at higher shear stresses (1.69 Pa) than did canine and ovine cells, whose EI increased continuously with increasing shear stress. At moderate shear stress (1-5 Pa) deformability was even higher in the sheep than in the horse. However, at shear stresses higher than 5.34 Pa, equine red cell elongation clearly exceeded the values of sheep. We conclude that erythrocyte elongation is different between the animal species, not clearly linked with the aggregation property, and that the degree of deformability at various shear stresses is species-specific.
Publication Date: 2004-08-18 PubMed ID: 15310945
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper investigates how red blood cells deform and aggregate in different animal species, specifically horses, dogs, and sheep. The study found that the species trait of the animal influences the ability of the red blood cells to change shape (deformability) and clump together (aggregation).
Understanding Red Blood Cell Behaviour
- The researchers examined blood viscosity and erythrocyte (red blood cell) aggregation in various species.
- Whole blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation were found to be influenced by red cell fluidity. Cell fluidity is the ease with which a cell changes its shape.
- Description of the study participants included horses (high aggregation), dogs (medium aggregation), and sheep (low to no measurable aggregation).
Erythrocyte Deformability Distinctions
- Erythrocyte deformability, or the ability of red blood cells to change shape, was tested using a method called ektacytometry. This applies varying degrees of shear stress, or force, on the cells to determine their elasticity or strength.
- The study found distinct differences in deformability across the species. Although it might have been expected that horses (with high aggregation) would have the highest Elongation Index (or EI, a measure of the elongation or elongation of the cells), dog’s erythrocytes actually exceeded the value in horses at high shear stress.
- For equine (horse) erythrocytes, clear elongation began at higher shear stress levels than for canine (dog) and ovine (sheep) cells. Moreover, at moderate shear stress, sheep’s erythrocytes showed higher deformability than horse’s erythrocytes.
Conclusions of the Study
- The study concluded that erythrocyte elongation varies between animal species, and the degree varies depending on the applied shear stress.
- This deformation wasn’t clearly associated with the cell’s aggregation property, indicating that there are other factors at play when considering how easily red blood cells change shape.
- In summary, the research brings into light that how red blood cells deform and aggregate is species-specific.
Cite This Article
APA
Plasenzotti R, Stoiber B, Posch M, Windberger U.
(2004).
Red blood cell deformability and aggregation behaviour in different animal species.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 31(2), 105-111.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Vienna, Austria. roberto.plasenzotti@meduniwien.ac.at
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Blood Proteins / analysis
- Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Blood Viscosity
- Dogs / blood
- Erythrocyte Aggregation
- Erythrocyte Deformability
- Erythrocyte Indices
- Fibrinogen / analysis
- Hemorheology
- Horses / blood
- Lipids / blood
- Reference Values
- Sheep / blood
- Species Specificity
- Stress, Mechanical
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Varga A, Matrai AA, Barath B, Deak A, Horvath L, Nemeth N. Interspecies Diversity of Osmotic Gradient Deformability of Red Blood Cells in Human and Seven Vertebrate Animal Species. Cells 2022 Apr 15;11(8).
- Vikartovska Z, Kuricova M, Farbakova J, Liptak T, Mudronova D, Humenik F, Madari A, Maloveska M, Sykova E, Cizkova D. Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Treatment for Canine Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Feasibility Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jul 20;21(14).
- Bernecker C, Köfeler H, Pabst G, Trötzmüller M, Kolb D, Strohmayer K, Trajanoski S, Holzapfel GA, Schlenke P, Dorn I. Cholesterol Deficiency Causes Impaired Osmotic Stability of Cultured Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2019;10:1529.
- Windberger U, Auer R, Seltenhammer M, Mach G, Skidmore JA. Near-Newtonian Blood Behavior - Is It Good to Be a Camel?. Front Physiol 2019;10:906.
- Kim YH, Yoon DW, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lim CH. Effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning on systemic inflammatory response and survival rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2014;11:16.
- Baskurt OK, Marshall-Gradisnik S, Pyne M, Simmonds M, Brenu E, Christy R, Meiselman HJ. Assessment of the hemorheological profile of koala and echidna. Zoology (Jena) 2010 Mar;113(2):110-7.
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