Redistribution of cardiac output in response to heat exposure in the pony.
Abstract: Radioactive microspheres were used to measure cardiac output and blood flow to most major tissues in 4 ponies at rest in thermoneutral (16 degrees C/60% RH) and mildly hot (41 degrees C/34% RH) environments. In response to heat stress there were increases in cardiac output (2-fold), respiratory frequency (5-fold), blood flow to the skin of the body (3-fold), and limbs (50%), respiratory muscles (2-fold) and the upper respiratory tract (3-fold). Ponies were able to maintain body temperature in the hot environment by increasing blood flow to the tissues involved in heat dissipation, while blood flow to all other tissues remained stable. This was achieved by increasing the cardiac output without need for reduction of blood flow to other tissues.
Publication Date: 1996-07-01 PubMed ID: 8894549DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb05030.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research explores how ponies regulate their body temperature under heat exposure by adjusting blood flow in various parts of their body, achieved through increased cardiac output without reducing blood flow to other tissues.
Study Design and Methodology
- In this study, four ponies were selected and their cardiac output, as well as blood flow to most major tissues, were measured.
- The measurements were taken when the ponies were resting in two environments, one thermoneutral (16 degrees C/60% RH) and the other mildly hot (41 degrees C/34% RH).
- The cardiac output and blood flow were measured using radioactive microspheres, which are known for their precise results in cardiovascular studies.
Observations and Findings
- When the ponies were exposed to the hotter environment, there were noticeable changes in their physiological responses.
- Cardiac output increased twofold, indicating an upsurge in the volume of blood being pumped by the heart.
- Concurrent with the rise in cardiac output, there was also a significant escalation in respiratory frequency, blood flow to the skin of the body, limbs, respiratory muscles, and the upper respiratory tract.
- While the skin blood flow inflamed threefold, the blood flow to the limbs inflated by 50%, the respiratory muscles doubled, and the flow to the upper respiratory tract augmented threefold.
Interpretation and Conclusion
- The study proposes that these variations in the ponies’ physiological responses are a part of their body’s adaptive mechanism to maintain comfortable body temperature in the face of heat exposure.
- The diversion of the blood flow to the tissues involved in heat dissipation suggests the body’s strategic deployment of the blood to the body parts where it could help cool down the body.
- It is worth noting that while the blood flow to the cooling tissues had increased, the blood flow to all other tissues remained unchanged. This was only possible because of the increased cardiac output.
- The ability to up the heart function to cool down the body under heat exposure, without compromising the blood flow to other body tissues, demonstrates the body’s remarkable capacity to optimally distribute its blood flow for heat dissipation.
Cite This Article
APA
McConaghy FF, Hodgson DR, Rose RJ, Hales JR.
(1996).
Redistribution of cardiac output in response to heat exposure in the pony.
Equine Vet J Suppl(22), 42-46.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb05030.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Performance Laboratory, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cardiac Output
- Heart Rate
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses / physiology
- Hot Temperature / adverse effects
- Male
- Microspheres
- Nasal Mucosa / blood supply
- Oxygen Consumption
- Regional Blood Flow
- Respiratory Muscles / blood supply
- Skin / blood supply
- Skin Temperature
- Stress, Physiological / etiology
- Stress, Physiological / physiopathology
- Stress, Physiological / veterinary
- Stroke Volume
- Turbinates / blood supply
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Takahashi Y, Yoshida T, Kawano A, Matsuhashi T, Miyata H, Kuwahara M, Ohmura H. Acute exercise in a hot environment increases heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α mRNA in Thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1230212.
- Younes M, Robert C, Barrey E, Cottin F. Effects of Age, Exercise Duration, and Test Conditions on Heart Rate Variability in Young Endurance Horses.. Front Physiol 2016;7:155.
- Schmitz A, Portier CJ, Thormann W, Theurillat R, Mevissen M. Stereoselective biotransformation of ketamine in equine liver and lung microsomes.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008 Oct;31(5):446-55.
- Knobloch M, Portier CJ, Levionnois OL, Theurillat R, Thormann W, Spadavecchia C, Mevissen M. Antinociceptive effects, metabolism and disposition of ketamine in ponies under target-controlled drug infusion.. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006 Nov 1;216(3):373-86.
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