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Home / Equine Research Bank / Antioxidants (Basel) / Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case o...
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2019; 8(11); 567; doi: 10.3390/antiox8110567

Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa.

Abstract: Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an "on-off" switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are "professional producers" of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-19 PubMed ID: 31752408PubMed Central: PMC6912273DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110567Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article provides an overview of the role of redox regulation and oxidative stress in the function and preservation of stallion spermatoa, and its implications for male infertility.

Concept of Redox Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Spermatology

  • Redox regulation and oxidative stress have emerged as important areas of study in spermatology, the scientific study of sperm cells and their function.
  • Disturbance of redox homeostasis (the balance of oxidation and reduction reactions in the body) is seen as a significant reason behind male infertility.
  • This imbalance also causes damage to sperm cells through processes like freezing and thawing or during preservation in a liquid state.

Reversible and Irreversible Oxidation Impact on Sperm Function

  • Much of how sperm cells function is determined by redox regulation. This includes reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues – chemicals found in key proteins – which control sperm function like an “on-off” switch.
  • If redox homeostasis is disrupted, irreversible oxidation may occur, causing oxidative stress. This can lead to the malfunctions and death of sperm cells.

Stallion Spermatozoa as Reactive Oxygen Species Producers

  • Stallion spermatozoa produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to their high mitochondrial activity. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, generating most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a source of chemical energy.
  • Because of this intense activity, stallion spermatozoa also have intricate systems to balance redox homeostasis.

Horses as a Model for Redox Biology Studies

  • Given these characteristics, combined with the ability to easily collect embryos from horses, this species offers a good model for studying the impact of redox biology on sperm cells and embryos.

Cite This Article

APA
Peña FJ, O'Flaherty C, Ortiz Rodríguez JM, Martín Cano FE, Gaitskell-Phillips GL, Gil MC, Ortega Ferrusola C. (2019). Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa. Antioxidants (Basel), 8(11), 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110567

Publication

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
NlmUniqueID: 101668981
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
PII: 567

Researcher Affiliations

Peña, Fernando J
  • Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
O'Flaherty, Cristian
  • Departments of Surgery (Urology Division) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
Ortiz Rodríguez, José M
  • Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Martín Cano, Francisco E
  • Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Gaitskell-Phillips, Gemma L
  • Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Gil, María C
  • Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Ortega Ferrusola, Cristina
  • Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • AGL2017-83149-R / Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaciu00f3n y Universidades
  • IB16030 and GR18008 / Consejeru00eda de Empleo Empresa e Innovaciu00f3n del Gobierno de Extremadura

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that may affect the impartiality of the information presented in this paper. “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results”.

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Citations

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