Reference values for amino acids and acylcarnitines in peripheral blood in Quarter horses and American Miniature horses.
Abstract: Free amino acids and acylcarnitines circulating in the blood can be used for diagnosis for metabolic illness and imbalances. To date, the normal reference ranges of amino acids and acylcarnitines in horse peripheral blood have not been established. In this study, the concentrations of 12 amino acids and 26 acylcarnitines were determined by tandem mass spectrometry in complete blood from 100 healthy horses (50 Quarter horses (QH) [23 males and 27 females] and 50 American Miniature horses (AMH) [15 males and 35 females]) with no signs of metabolic disease. The means and standard deviations were determined and data statistically analyzed. Results: Concentrations of short, medium, and long chain acylcarnitines were significantly higher in male AMH than in male QH. The concentrations of the amino acids alanine, arginine, glycine, proline (glycogenic), and leucine (ketogenic) were higher in the QH than in the AMH. Female AMH had higher concentrations of propionylcarnitine, leucine, proline, arginine, and ornithine than female QH. Conclusions: Normal reference ranges of amino acids and acylcarnitines were established for AMH and QH. Significant differences were found in concentration of these compounds between breeds and gender.
Publication Date: 2015-09-29 PubMed ID: 26416518PubMed Central: PMC4587867DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0144-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article primarily investigates and establishes the normal reference ranges of 12 amino acids and 26 acylcarnitines present in the peripheral blood of healthy Quarter horses and American Miniature horses. Additionally, it identifies significant variances in the concentration of these compounds based on the horse’s breed and gender.
Methodology
- In this study, a total of 100 healthy horses were used as subjects, including 50 Quarter horses (composed of 23 males and 27 females) and 50 American Miniature horses (with 15 males and 35 females).
- None of these horses showed signs of metabolic disease, ensuring that the study was based on healthy specimen to obtain reliable baseline reference values.
- A tandem mass spectrometry test was conducted to determine the concentrations of 12 amino acids and 26 acylcarnitines in the complete blood drawn from these horses.
- The mean and standard deviations of the concentrations were calculated, and statistical analyses were performed to interpret the findings.
Results
- The findings showed that the concentrations of all types of acylcarnitines (short, medium, and long chain) were considerably higher in male American Miniature horses than in male Quarter horses.
- Concerning amino acids, alanine, arginine, glycine, proline (glycogenic), and leucine (ketogenic) were found in larger quantities in Quarter horses as compared to American Miniature horses.
- Specifically for females, it was observed that American Miniature horses had higher concentrations of propionylcarnitine, leucine, proline, arginine, and ornithine than Quarter horses.
Conclusion
- The research was successful in determining the normal reference ranges of amino acids and acylcarnitines in the peripheral blood of Quarter horses and American Miniature horses.
- Significant differences in these concentrations were identified between the breeds and genders of the horses. The nuances of these differences should be considered when utilizing these metabolic markers for diagnosing and assessing the metabolic health of horses in the respective categories.
Cite This Article
APA
Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Treviño-Alvarado VM, Torres-Sepúlveda Mdel R, López-Saldaña LA, Ponce-García G, López-Uriarte GA, Ruiz-Herrera Mdel C, Zamora-Ávila DE, Villarreal-Pérez JZ, Dávalos-Aranda G, Martínez-de-Villarreal LE.
(2015).
Reference values for amino acids and acylcarnitines in peripheral blood in Quarter horses and American Miniature horses.
Acta Vet Scand, 57, 62.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-015-0144-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. iramrodriguez@gmail.com.
- Tecnológico de Monterrey Cátedra de Bioinformática, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. vtrevino@itesm.mx.
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. qcbrtorres@live.com.mx.
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. l.lopez.sa@hotmail.com.
- Departamento de Zoología de invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. gponcealfa@gmail.com.
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. gracielini@hotmail.com.
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. c_ruiz99@yahoo.com.mx.
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. dna_100@hotmail.com.
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. zacvilla@yahoo.com.mx.
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. guillermo.davalos@uanl.mx.
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. laelmar@yahoo.com.mx.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acids / blood
- Animals
- Carnitine / analogs & derivatives
- Carnitine / blood
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / metabolism
- Male
- Mexico
- Reference Values
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / veterinary
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This article includes 12 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Abellan-Borja A, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Carrera-Treviño R, Villanueva-Segura OK, Zapata-Morin PA, Martinez-de-Villareal LE, Barboza-Aranda LJ, Gomez-Govea MA, Martinez-Fierro ML, Delgado-Enciso I, Ruiz-Ayma G, Gonzalez-Rojas JI, Guzman-Velasco A. Free amino acid and acylcarnitine values in Ursus americanus Pallas 1780 (black bear) from Northeastern Mexico. PLoS One 2023;18(2):e0272979.
- Ballesteros-Torres JM, Samaniego-Moreno L, Gomez-Flores R, Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra P. Amino acids and acylcarnitine production by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae from wastewater culture. PeerJ 2019;7:e7977.
- Martin-Park A, Gomez-Govea MA, Lopez-Monroy B, Treviño-Alvarado VM, Torres-Sepúlveda MD, López-Uriarte GA, Villanueva-Segura OK, Ruiz-Herrera MD, Martinez-Fierro ML, Delgado-Enciso I, Flores-Suárez AE, White GS, Martínez de Villarreal LE, Ponce-Garcia G, Black WC 4th, Rodríguez-Sanchez IP. Profiles of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Related with Insecticide Exposure in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). PLoS One 2017;12(1):e0169514.
- Bauquier J, Takahashi C, Rosales C, Pitt J. Suspected marsh mallow (Malva parviflora) toxicosis in ponies-Case cluster including an asymptomatic survivor. Aust Vet J 2025 Oct;103(10):688-692.
- Hisaeda K, Ono T, Kadekaru S, Hata A, Miyama TS, Kutara K, Sugimoto K, Hiasa Y, Ohzawa E, Kunieda T, Iwata E, Kitagawa H. Serum amino acid profiles in clinically normal Noma horses. J Equine Sci 2024;35(2):29-34.
- Vidal Moreno de Vega C, de Meeûs d'Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, De Mare L, Gansemans Y, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Goethals K, De Spiegelaere W, Leybaert L, Verdegaal EJMM, Delesalle C. Baselining physiological parameters in three muscles across three equine breeds. What can we learn from the horse?. Front Physiol 2024;15:1291151.
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