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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Removal of equine cryptorchid testes through an enlarged umb...
Equine veterinary journal2021; doi: 10.1111/evj.13483

Removal of equine cryptorchid testes through an enlarged umbilical portal in dorsally recumbent horses after intra-abdominal laparoscopic castration.

Abstract: Laparoscopic removal of cryptorchid testes has been routinely reported through enlarged parainguinal incisions in dorsally recumbent horses. Outcomes following removal through an extended umbilical incision have not been previously reported. Objective: To describe the surgical technique of removing cryptorchid testes in dorsally recumbent horses through an enlarged umbilical portal after laparoscopic intra-abdominal castration. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for horses that underwent laparoscopic removal of unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid testes from January 2006 to December 2016. Horses were placed under general anaesthesia, positioned in dorsal recumbency and then tilted into Trendelenburg position. Cryptorchid testes were castrated by ligating loop application and/or electrosurgery. The umbilical portal incision was extended along the linea alba for testes removal. All descended testes were removed by routine closed castration with the scrotal incision left to heal by second intention. Perianaesthetic laboratory values, surgical procedure descriptions, surgery and anaesthesia times, and in-hospital perioperative complications were recorded. Results: A total of 79 horses, aged 1-14 years, with unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism were included: 90 cryptorchid testes were successfully removed through an enlarged umbilical portal incision. Sixty-eight horses were unilaterally cryptorchid and 11 were bilaterally cryptorchid. Two horses had minor post-operative complications related to the extended umbilical portal incision. Conclusions: Retrospective nature of the study, no control population for comparison and no follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions: An extended umbilical portal incision is a successful alternative to extending a parainguinal incision for testis removal after laparoscopic castration.
© 2021 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-10 PubMed ID: 34110643DOI: 10.1111/evj.13483Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper focuses on a surgical technique of removing equine cryptorchid testes via an extended umbilical portal incision after laparoscopic castration. The surgery was carried out on horses placed in a specific position, under general anaesthesia. This study is based on reviewing medical records spanning ten years.

Methodology

  • The researchers conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from January 2006 to December 2016. The records belonged to horses that underwent the laparoscopic removal of unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid testes.
  • During the surgical procedure, horses were placed under general anaesthesia. They were positioned in dorsal recumbency (lying on their back) and tilted into Trendelenburg position (body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet).
  • The cryptorchid testes were surgically removed via a method called castration. This was done applying a ligating loop and/or electrosurgery.
  • The incision made at the umbilical portal was extended along the linea alba (a fibrous structure running down the middle of the abdomen) for the purpose of testes removal. Furthermore, any descended testes were removed through a regular closed castration, leaving the scrotal incision to heal naturally.
  • Throughout the process, the researchers compiled perianaesthetic laboratory values, detailed descriptions of the surgical procedures, times for the surgery and anaesthesia, and in-hospital perioperative complications.

Key Findings

  • This surgical procedure was performed on 79 horses, aged between 1 and 14 years, all suffering from unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism. A total of 90 cryptorchid testes were successfully removed through the enlarged umbilical portal incision.
  • Among these, 68 horses had a cryptorchid condition on one side (unilateral), and 11 on both sides (bilateral).
  • Two of the 79 horses experienced minor post-operative complications associated with the lengthened umbilical portal incision.

Conclusions and Future Implications

  • This study is inherently retrospective, so it does not include any control population for comparison. Moreover, it lacks follow-up data of the horses after their discharge from the hospital.
  • Despite these limitations, the findings suggest that an extended umbilical portal incision can be a viable and successful alternative to enlarging a parainguinal incision for the removal of testes during laparoscopic castration in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Finley CJ, Fischer AT. (2021). Removal of equine cryptorchid testes through an enlarged umbilical portal in dorsally recumbent horses after intra-abdominal laparoscopic castration. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13483

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Finley, Connie J
  • Peterson Smith Equine Hospital, Ocala, FL, USA.
Fischer, Andrew T
  • Chino Valley Equine Hospital, Chino Hills, CA, USA.

References

This article includes 16 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Muñoz AM, Cribb N. Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in 10 equids using a single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) port device. Can Vet J 2025 Sep;66(9):966-973.
    pubmed: 40927255
  2. Silva RDM, Araújo LHV, Cardoso TDS, Franco SLI, Gurgel HJ, Cerqueira PHL, Carvalho LS, Novais LGES, Gonçalves JLDS, Sousa LA, Albuquerque RDS, Dutra MD, Ferreira TTA, Silveira JAD, Silva MAM, Monteiro FDO, Teixeira PPM. A Single-Port, Multiple-Access, Custom-Made Device Used in Laparoscopically Assisted Cryptorchidectomy in Standing Horses-A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2024 Apr 3;14(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14071091pubmed: 38612330google scholar: lookup
  3. Straticò P, Guerri G, Palozzo A, Varasano V, Petrizzi L. Current Use of Equine Laparoscopy in Urogenital Disorders: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2000 to 2021. Vet Sci 2022 Jan 22;9(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9020041pubmed: 35202295google scholar: lookup
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