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Journal of virology2013; 87(12); 6901-6910; doi: 10.1128/JVI.03520-12

Replication and immunogenicity of swine, equine, and avian h3 subtype influenza viruses in mice and ferrets.

Abstract: Since it is difficult to predict which influenza virus subtype will cause an influenza pandemic, it is important to prepare influenza virus vaccines against different subtypes and evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies prior to a pandemic. In addition to infecting humans, H3 influenza viruses commonly infect pigs, horses, and avian species. We selected 11 swine, equine, and avian H3 influenza viruses and evaluated their kinetics of replication and ability to induce a broadly cross-reactive antibody response in mice and ferrets. The swine and equine viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of mice. With the exception of one avian virus that replicated poorly in the lower respiratory tract, all of the viruses replicated in mouse lungs. In ferrets, all of the viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract, but the equine viruses replicated poorly in the lungs. Extrapulmonary spread was not observed in either mice or ferrets. No single virus elicited antibodies that cross-reacted with viruses from all three animal sources. Avian and equine H3 viruses elicited broadly cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous viruses isolated from the same or other species, but the swine viruses did not. We selected an equine and an avian H3 influenza virus for further development as vaccines.
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Publication Date: 2013-04-10 PubMed ID: 23576512PubMed Central: PMC3676140DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03520-12Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study involves the analysis of 11 H3 influenza viruses from different species— swine, equine, and avian— to understand their replication ability and efficiency to develop a cross-reactive antibody response in mice and ferrets.

Selection and Testing of Influenza Virus Subtypes

  • The researchers selected H3 influenza viruses, a common virus type that not only affects humans but also swine, horses, and birds. A total of 11 swine, equine, and avian H3 influenza viruses were chosen for the research.
  • The chosen viruses were evaluated on the parameters of their replication tendencies and their capabilities to trigger a widespread cross-reactive antibody response in mice and ferrets. The aim was to understand the behavior and replication tendency of these non-human viruses within the mentioned animal models.

Evaluation of Virus Replication in Mice and Ferrets

  • The swine and equine viruses showed efficient replication in the upper respiratory tract of mice.
  • All the viruses, barring one avian type, replicated well in the lungs of the mice.
  • All selected viruses were able to replicate within the upper respiratory tract of ferrets. However, the equine viruses struggled to replicate within the lungs of ferrets.
  • Extrapulmonary spread of viruses, which is their spreading to parts of the body outside the lungs, was not observed in either mice or ferrets.

Antibody Response and Cross-Reactivity

  • The study found no single virus that could induce an antibody response cross-reactive with viruses from all three animal sources (swine, equine, and avian).
  • Avian and equine H3 viruses were able to generate broadly cross-reactive antibodies against various viruses sourced from the same or different species. However, swine viruses were unable to prompt a similar result. It indicates that swine viruses might be incapable of broadening cross-reactive antibody possibility.

Selection for Further Vaccine Development

  • In light of the findings, the researchers selected one avian and one equine virus respectively, as they showed potential of inducing broad cross-reactive antibodies. These selected viruses will be looked at for further development as components in a potentially universal influenza vaccine.

The study deepens the understanding of how influenza viruses from different species behave and respond to antibody generation in mammals. This research is crucial in developing broad-spectrum vaccines since it’s challenging to predict which influenza subtype might cause a future pandemic.

Cite This Article

APA
Baz M, Paskel M, Matsuoka Y, Zengel J, Cheng X, Jin H, Subbarao K. (2013). Replication and immunogenicity of swine, equine, and avian h3 subtype influenza viruses in mice and ferrets. J Virol, 87(12), 6901-6910. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03520-12

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 87
Issue: 12
Pages: 6901-6910

Researcher Affiliations

Baz, Mariana
  • Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Paskel, Myeisha
    Matsuoka, Yumiko
      Zengel, James
        Cheng, Xing
          Jin, Hong
            Subbarao, Kanta

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
              • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
              • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
              • Birds / virology
              • Cross Reactions
              • Female
              • Ferrets / immunology
              • Ferrets / virology
              • Horses / virology
              • Influenza A virus / classification
              • Influenza A virus / immunology
              • Influenza A virus / physiology
              • Mice / immunology
              • Mice / virology
              • Mice, Inbred BALB C
              • Neutralization Tests
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / mortality
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
              • Swine / virology
              • Virus Replication

              Grant Funding

              • Intramural NIH HHS

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