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Home/Equine Research Bank/J Virol/Sialic acid species as a determinant of the host range of in...
Journal of virology2000; 74(24); 11825-11831; doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.24.11825-11831.2000

Sialic acid species as a determinant of the host range of influenza A viruses.

Abstract: The distribution of sialic acid (SA) species varies among animal species, but the biological role of this variation is largely unknown. Influenza viruses differ in their ability to recognize SA-galactose (Gal) linkages, depending on the animal hosts from which they are isolated. For example, human viruses preferentially recognize SA linked to Gal by the alpha2,6(SAalpha2,6Gal) linkage, while equine viruses favor SAalpha2,3Gal. However, whether a difference in relative abundance of specific SA species (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] and N-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc]) among different animals affects the replicative potential of influenza viruses is uncertain. We therefore examined the requirement for the hemagglutinin (HA) for support of viral replication in horses, using viruses whose HAs differ in receptor specificity. A virus with an HA recognizing NeuAcalpha2,6Gal but not NeuAcalpha2,3Gal or NeuGcalpha2,3Gal failed to replicate in horses, while one with an HA recognizing the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal moiety replicated in horses. Furthermore, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses and a lectin-binding assay demonstrated the abundance of the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal moiety in epithelial cells of horse trachea, indicating that recognition of this moiety is critical for viral replication in horses. Thus, these results provide evidence of a biological effect of different SA species in different animals.
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Publication Date: 2000-11-23 PubMed ID: 11090182PubMed Central: PMC112465DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.24.11825-11831.2000Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the role of different sialic acid (SA) species in determining the host range for influenza A viruses. Focusing on the relation between variants of these SA species found in different animals and the replication potential for the flu virus, the study uncovers a biological effect of different SA species in different animals.

Understanding Sialic Acid Varieties and Their Role

  • The SA species’ distribution shows variation among different animal species. However, their biological significance had been largely unknown until this research.
  • Influenza viruses have a differing ability to recognize combinations of SA and galactose (Gal), depending on the animal species they originate from.
  • For instance, human viruses best identify SA linked to Gal via an alpha2,6(SAalpha2,6Gal) linkage. Simultaneously, equine viruses favor an SAalpha2,3Gal variant.

Examining Sialic Acid Impact on Viral Replication

  • The study aimed to determine whether the relative abundance of specific SA species affected influenza viruses’ replication.
  • The SA species under examination included N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] and N-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc].
  • The research utilized different viruses whose hemagglutinin (HA), a surface protein facilitating viral entry into the host cell, had different receptor specificities in horses.

Key Findings: Host-Specific Sialic Acid Influence

  • The study found that a virus with an HA identifying the NeuAcalpha2,6Gal variant, but not the NeuAcalpha2,3Gal or NeuGcalpha2,3Gal, failed to replicate in horses.
  • Conversely, a virus with an HA that recognized the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal function successfully replicated in the host.
  • Additional biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses reinforced that the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal moiety is abundant in the epithelial cells of a horse’s trachea.
  • Consequently, the study concluded that the recognition of the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal moiety is crucial for the influenza viruses to replicate in horses.
  • This concludes that different sialic acid species in different animals indeed impact the potential for viral replication, thus influencing the host range of the influenza virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Suzuki Y, Ito T, Suzuki T, Holland RE, Chambers TM, Kiso M, Ishida H, Kawaoka Y. (2000). Sialic acid species as a determinant of the host range of influenza A viruses. J Virol, 74(24), 11825-11831. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.24.11825-11831.2000

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 74
Issue: 24
Pages: 11825-11831

Researcher Affiliations

Suzuki, Y
  • Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka-shi 422-8526, Japan.
Ito, T
    Suzuki, T
      Holland, R E
        Chambers, T M
          Kiso, M
            Ishida, H
              Kawaoka, Y

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Humans
                • Influenza A virus / physiology
                • Influenza, Human / metabolism
                • Influenza, Human / virology
                • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / metabolism
                • Species Specificity
                • Virus Replication

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