Report of the First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens, Cambridge, UK, July 1991.
Abstract: The First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens was organized and convened for the purposes of identifying immunologically relevant cell surface molecules of equine leucocytes and establishing a system of nomenclature for those molecules. Participating members of the workshop represented the majority of laboratories world-wide engaged in the tasks of production and characterization of equine leucocyte and lymphocyte markers using monoclonal antibodies. The workshop confirmed the identification of several equine CD molecules described previously by individual laboratories, and in addition recognized antibodies identifying new CD molecules. The workshop also succeeded in fostering co-operation between laboratories around the world which study equine immunobiology. Equine CD molecules identified by the current battery of monoclonal antibodies include EqCD2, EqCD4, EqCD5, EqCD8, EqCD11a/18, EqCD13 and EqCD44. Other antibodies are markers for MHC class I and class II molecules, for B cells, granulocytes, macrophages, T cell subsets distinct from those defined by CD4 and CD8, and other sub-populations of horse leucocytes that do not have obvious counterparts in humans, rodents, or other species. Despite the progress made in the first workshop, there are still substantial gaps in the armory of reagents available to study equine leucocyte biology, and further definition of the structure, function, and genetics of the antigens identified by the workshop clusters (WC1, WC2 etc.) and other molecules of immunological importance will be a goal of future workshops. The study of equine immunobiology and resistance to disease also urgently requires the development of tools to study equine immunoglobulins and cytokines, and these needs will provide ample scope for future studies.
Publication Date: 1994-07-01 PubMed ID: 7975180DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90088-4Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Consensus Development Conference
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
- Review
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research is about the first international workshop held on Equine Leucocyte Antigens in Cambridge, UK in 1991. The workshop aimed to identify cell surface molecules of equine leucocytes and establish their naming system. The proceedings confirmed several equine CD molecules and identified new ones. Some gaps remain in the study of equine leucocyte biology which further workshops aim to fill.
Context and Aim of the workshop
- The First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens was designed with the intention to classify immunologically relevant cell surface molecules found on horse’s leucocytes and devise a nomenclature system for them.
- Researchers and scientists from across the globe who are involved in the production and identification of equine leucocyte and lymphocyte markers were present in the workshop.
Results and Findings of the Workshop
- At the workshop, several equine CD molecules that had been described in separate studies by individual laboratories were confirmed.
- Furthermore, the delegates at the workshop were also able to recognize antibodies which identify new CD molecules.
- Examples of such molecules include EqCD2, EqCD4, EqCD5, EqCD8, EqCD11a/18, EqCD13 and EqCD44. Other antibodies are markers for MHC class I and class II molecules, B cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and T cell subsets distinct from those defined by CD4 and CD8.
- Additionally, they found markers for some sub-populations of horse leucocytes that do not have clear counterparts in humans, rodents, or other species.
Future Research and Conclusion
- Despite the significant strides made at the conference, researchers acknowledged that there is still much work to be done in the area of equine leucocyte biology.
- Further exploration is required into the structure, function, and genetic makeup of the antigens identified by the workshop clusters (WC1, WC2 etc.) alongside other molecules of immunological importance.
- Also, to study equine immunobiology and its resistance to diseases, there is an urgent need for the development of tools for the detailed study of equine immunoglobulins and cytokines.
Cite This Article
APA
Kydd J, Antczak DF, Allen WR, Barbis D, Butcher G, Davis W, Duffus WP, Edington N, Grünig G, Holmes MA.
(1994).
Report of the First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens, Cambridge, UK, July 1991.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 42(1), 3-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90088-4 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Thoroughbred Breeders' Association, Equine Fertility Unit, Mertoun Paddocks, Newmarket, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, CD / classification
- Antigens, CD / immunology
- B-Lymphocytes / immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens / classification
- Histocompatibility Antigens / immunology
- Horses / immunology
- International Cooperation
- T-Lymphocytes / immunology
- Terminology as Topic
- United Kingdom
Grant Funding
- HD-08886 / NICHD NIH HHS
- HD-15799 / NICHD NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 29 times.- Simonin EM, Wagner B. IgE-binding monocytes upregulate the coagulation cascade in allergic horses. Genes Immun 2023 Jun;24(3):130-138.
- Hagen A, Lehmann H, Aurich S, Bauer N, Melzer M, Moellerberndt J, Patané V, Schnabel CL, Burk J. Scalable Production of Equine Platelet Lysate for Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020;8:613621.
- Entrican G, Lunney JK, Wattegedera SR, Mwangi W, Hope JC, Hammond JA. The Veterinary Immunological Toolbox: Past, Present, and Future. Front Immunol 2020;11:1651.
- Larson EM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Phenotype and function of IgE-binding monocytes in equine Culicoides hypersensitivity. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233537.
- Saldinger LK, Nelson SG, Bellone RR, Lassaline M, Mack M, Walker NJ, Borjesson DL. Horses with equine recurrent uveitis have an activated CD4+ T-cell phenotype that can be modulated by mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Vet Ophthalmol 2020 Jan;23(1):160-170.
- Schwab UE, Tallmadge RL, Matychak MB, Felippe MJB. Effects of autologous stromal cells and cytokines on differentiation of equine bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. Am J Vet Res 2017 Oct;78(10):1215-1228.
- Prieto JMB, Tallmadge RL, Felippe MJB. Developmental expression of B cell molecules in equine lymphoid tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017 Jan;183:60-71.
- Park KT, Seo KS, Godwin NA, Van Wie BJ, Gulbahar MY, Park YH, Davis WC. Characterization and expression of monoclonal antibody-defined molecules on resting and activated bovine αβ, γδ T and NK cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015 Nov 15;168(1-2):118-30.
- Battista JM, Tallmadge RL, Stokol T, Felippe MJ. Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness. Immunogenetics 2014 Nov;66(11):635-49.
- Ramsay JD, Ueti MW, Johnson WC, Scoles GA, Knowles DP, Mealey RH. Lymphocytes and macrophages are infected by Theileria equi, but T cells and B cells are not required to establish infection in vivo. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e76996.
- Tallmadge RL, Stokol T, Gould-Earley MJ, Earley E, Secor EJ, Matychak MB, Felippe MJ. Fell Pony syndrome: characterization of developmental hematopoiesis failure and associated gene expression profiles. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012 Jul;19(7):1054-64.
- Wagner B, Burton A, Ainsworth D. Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production by T helper cells reveals intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell activation and a delay of the Th2 cell response in equine neonates and foals. Vet Res 2010 Jul-Aug;41(4):47.
- Paillot R, Robinson C, Steward K, Wright N, Jourdan T, Butcher N, Heather Z, Waller AS. Contribution of each of four Superantigens to Streptococcus equi-induced mitogenicity, gamma interferon synthesis, and immunity. Infect Immun 2010 Apr;78(4):1728-39.
- Radcliffe CH, Flaminio MJ, Fortier LA. Temporal analysis of equine bone marrow aspirate during establishment of putative mesenchymal progenitor cell populations. Stem Cells Dev 2010 Feb;19(2):269-82.
- Mealey RH, Leib SR, Littke MH, Wagner B, Horohov DW, McGuire TC. Viral load and clinical disease enhancement associated with a lentivirus cytotoxic T lymphocyte vaccine regimen. Vaccine 2009 Apr 21;27(18):2453-68.
- Fidalgo-Carvalho I, Craigo JK, Barnes S, Costa-Ramos C, Montelaro RC. Characterization of an equine macrophage cell line: application to studies of EIAV infection. Vet Microbiol 2009 Apr 14;136(1-2):8-19.
- Flaminio MJ, Tallmadge RL, Salles-Gomes CO, Matychak MB. Common variable immunodeficiency in horses is characterized by B cell depletion in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. J Clin Immunol 2009 Jan;29(1):107-16.
- Davis WC, Hamilton MJ. Use of flow cytometry to develop and characterize a set of monoclonal antibodies specific for rabbit leukocyte differentiation molecules. J Vet Sci 2008 Mar;9(1):51-66.
- Mealey RH, Stone DM, Hines MT, Alperin DC, Littke MH, Leib SR, Leach SE, Hines SA. Experimental Rhodococcus equi and equine infectious anemia virus DNA vaccination in adult and neonatal horses: effect of IL-12, dose, and route. Vaccine 2007 Oct 23;25(43):7582-97.
- Flaminio MJ, Borges AS, Nydam DV, Horohov DW, Hecker R, Matychak MB. The effect of CpG-ODN on antigen presenting cells of the foal. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2007 Jan 25;5:1.
- Koo H, Ryu SH, Ahn HJ, Jung WK, Park YK, Kwon NH, Kim SH, Kim JM, Yoo BW, Choi SI, Davis WC, Park YH. Immunostimulatory effects of the anionic alkali mineral complex Barodon on equine lymphocytes. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006 Nov;13(11):1255-66.
- Mealey RH, Sharif A, Ellis SA, Littke MH, Leib SR, McGuire TC. Early detection of dominant Env-specific and subdominant Gag-specific CD8+ lymphocytes in equine infectious anemia virus-infected horses using major histocompatibility complex class I/peptide tetrameric complexes. Virology 2005 Aug 15;339(1):110-26.
- Mérant C, Messouak A, Cadoré JL, Monier JC. PNA-binding glycans are expressed at high levels on horse mature and immature T lymphocytes and a subpopulation of B lymphocytes. Glycoconj J 2005 Feb;22(1-2):27-34.
- Flaminio MJ, Rush BR, Davis EG, Hennessy K, Shuman W, Wilkerson MJ. Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in equine leukocytes. Vet Res Commun 2002 Feb;26(2):85-92.
- Mealey RH, Fraser DG, Oaks JL, Cantor GH, McGuire TC. Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious anemia virus replication in an Arabian foal with severe combined immunodeficiency: lessons for control of lentiviruses. Clin Immunol 2001 Nov;101(2):237-47.
- Lonning SM, Zhang W, McGuire TC. Gag protein epitopes recognized by CD4(+) T-helper lymphocytes from equine infectious anemia virus-infected carrier horses. J Virol 1999 May;73(5):4257-65.
- Holmes CM, Wagner B. Characterization of Nasal Mucosal T Cells in Horses and Their Response to Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Viruses 2024 Sep 25;16(10).
- Holmes CM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Neonatal and maternal upregulation of antileukoproteinase in horses. Front Immunol 2024;15:1395030.
- Appleyard GD, Wilkie BN. Characterization of porcine CD5 and CD5+ B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1998 Jan;111(1):225-30.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
