Retrospective analysis of factors associated with outcome of proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 82 horses including Warmblood and Thoroughbred sport horses and Quarter Horses (1992-2014).

The research article analyzes the outcome of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrodesis in 82 horses of different breeds. The analysis, carried out retrospectively, highlights factors such as breed and activity that influence the outcome of the surgical procedure.

Methodology

• The research involved a retrospective case series study, where the surgical case records of 82 horses undergoing arthrodesis of the PIP joint were scrutinized.
• Three types of horses were included in the study: Quarter Horses principally used in Western performance, and Warmblood and Thoroughbred breeds principally used in showing, show jumping, and dressage.
• In each case, arthrodesis was executed using one of three techniques: a three-screw technique, a dynamic compression plate (DCP) with two screws, or a locking compression plate (LCP) with two screws.
• Various factors, including demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, surgical technique, post-operative treatment, and complications, were recorded for analysis.
• Long-term follow-up was achieved for all horses involved in the study to assess their post-operative performances.

Findings

• Osteoarthritis of the PIP joint was found to be the most common condition necessitating arthrodesis.
• Of the three surgical techniques, the three-screw technique was used most commonly, followed by DCP fixation and then LCP fixation.
• A higher success rate was noticed among Quarter Horses (87%) in comparison to Warmbloods and Thoroughbreds (74%).
• Just over half the Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 63% of Quarter Horses returned to successful competition following surgery.
• Among high-level athletic horses, regardless of breed, those undergoing hindlimb arthrodesis were significantly more likely to return to successful competition than those with forelimb arthrodesis.

Conclusion

• The research concluded that PIP joint arthrodesis in Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses usually results in a favorable outcome, allowing the horses to return to their intended use and athletic competition.
• The successful recovery following arthrodesis and return to competition suggests that the surgery can be a reliable treatment option for horses exhibiting PIP joint issues.