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[Retrospective evaluation of equine blood cultures sampled between 2022 and 2024].

Abstract: In this study, the results of equine blood cultures sampled during the period from 2022 to 2024 were evaluated. Samples were submitted as routine samples by veterinary practices to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Germany. The study focused mainly on the differentiation of the bacterial isolates. In order to place the results in a clinical context, the study was complemented by a questionnaire sent to the practices enquiring for sepsis-associated clinical signs. Unassigned: The study was carried out retrospectively. A total of 199 blood culture samples submitted by practices located in Germany and other European countries were included into the evaluation. A questionnaire asking for the reason of the individual blood collection and possible presence of sepsis-associated clinical signs was sent to the relevant practices and the returning responses were analyzed. Unassigned: 50.3% (n=100) of the blood culture samples showed a positive result, divided into 71% monomicrobial and 29% polymicrobial samples. Staphylococci were most frequently detected (30.2%), followed by bacteria of the genus Enterobacterales (18.9%). Nearly half of the horses (41.3%) was pretreated with antibiotics at the time of sample collection. Respiratory infection was the most frequently listed reason (17.4%) for initiation of a blood culture analysis. Unassigned: The results of the present study are comparable to previous studies. The isolates were not classified into clinically relevant pathogens and contaminants, as for the majority of patients only one sampling timepoint was available, making any isolate a potential causative agent for bacteremia. Unassigned: Sepsis is not a specific condition, but is based on the clinical findings and the result of the performed blood culture analysis. Considering the duration of a bacteriological culture procedure as well as the commonly critical condition of the patient, availability of data concerning the most frequently occurring pathogens is essential in rapidly initiating adequate treatment. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Ergebnisse von Blutkulturen von Pferden ausgewertet, welche als Routineproben in den Jahren 2022–2024 von tierärztlichen Praxen an ein veterinärmedizinisches Diagnostiklabor in Deutschland übermittelt wurden. Der Fokus lag auf der Differenzierung der bakteriellen Isolate und wurde durch einen Fragebogen an die Praxen komplementiert, um sepsisassoziierte Symptome zu erfassen und die Ergebnisse in klinischen Kontext einordnen zu können.Die Auswertung der bakteriologischen Kulturen erfolgte retrospektiv anhand der vorliegenden Befundergebnisse. Die insgesamt 199 inkludierten Proben stammten aus Deutschland sowie dem europäischen Ausland. Zusätzlich wurde ein Fragebogen, der unter anderem den Grund für die Durchführung der Blutkultur sowie mögliche sepsisassoziierte Symptome abfragte, an die zugehörigen Praxen versendet und ausgewertet.Der Anteil positiver Blutkulturen lag bei 50,3% (n=100), die sich in 71% monomikrobielle und 29% polymikrobielle Proben aufteilten. Am häufigsten nachgewiesen wurden Staphylokokken (30,2%) gefolgt von Bakterien der Gattung Enterobacterales (18,9%). Knapp die Hälfte der Tiere (41,3%) war zum Zeitpunkt der Probennahme antibiotisch vorbehandelt. Atemwegsinfektionen waren mit 17,4% der am häufigsten genannte Grund für die Einleitung einer Blutkultur.Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie sind mit vorangegangenen Auswertungen vergleichbar. Auf eine Einteilung der Isolate in klinisch relevante Erreger und Kontaminanten wurde verzichtet, da bei dem Großteil der Patienten nur ein Entnahmezeitpunkt vorlag und daher potenziell jedes Isolat als verursachendes Agens infrage kam.Sepsis ist kein spezifisches Krankheitsbild und gründet sich auf die klinische Diagnose und das Ergebnis der Blutkultur. Vor dem Hintergrund der Dauer einer bakteriologischen Kultur und des oftmals kritischen Zustands der Patienten ist das Wissen um wahrscheinlich zugrundeliegenden Erreger essenziell, um eine adäquate Therapie schnellstmöglich einleiten zu können.
Publication Date: 2026-05-07 PubMed ID: 42097164DOI: 10.1055/a-2848-1852Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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Overview

  • This study retrospectively examined equine blood culture samples collected between 2022 and 2024 to identify bacterial isolates and relate findings to sepsis-associated clinical signs reported by veterinary practices.
  • The aim was to understand pathogen prevalence in septic horses to aid prompt and appropriate treatment decisions.

Study Design and Sample Collection

  • The study was retrospective and included 199 blood culture samples from horses submitted by veterinary practices primarily in Germany and other parts of Europe.
  • These blood cultures were routine submissions sent to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Germany over the period of 2022–2024.
  • A questionnaire was sent to the submitting practices to collect information about the reason for blood culture collection and any clinical signs associated with sepsis in the respective horses.
  • Data from returned questionnaires were analyzed alongside blood culture results to provide clinical context.

Blood Culture Results

  • Out of 199 samples, 50.3% (n=100) were positive for bacterial growth.
  • Among positive samples, 71% showed growth of a single bacterial species (monomicrobial), and 29% had multiple species (polymicrobial).
  • The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococci, accounting for 30.2% of isolates.
  • Bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacterales represented 18.9% of isolates.
  • Nearly half of the horses (41.3%) had received antibiotic treatment prior to sampling, which could influence culture results.
  • Respiratory infection was the most common clinical indication for blood culture submission, reported in 17.4% of cases.

Clinical Context and Interpretation

  • The study did not differentiate the bacterial isolates into clinically relevant pathogens versus contaminants because most horses only had one sampling timepoint.
  • This single timepoint sampling means every isolate could potentially be a causative agent of bacteremia, complicating clear classification.
  • Sepsis in horses is primarily diagnosed based on clinical signs combined with blood culture results.
  • Since bacteriological culture takes time and patients often present in critical condition, knowledge of the most frequently occurring pathogens is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment rapidly.
  • The study’s findings are consistent with previous research on equine bacteremia and sepsis, reinforcing the relevance of detected bacterial species in clinical practice.

Implications for Veterinary Practice

  • Understanding the types of bacteria commonly isolated from equine blood cultures helps veterinarians anticipate likely pathogens in septic horses.
  • Since rapid initiation of treatment is essential, empirical therapy can be guided by knowledge of prevalent pathogens such as Staphylococci and Enterobacterales.
  • The high rate of antibiotic pretreatment suggests practitioners frequently begin therapy before culture results, highlighting the need for culture to confirm or adjust treatment plans.
  • The respiratory tract as a frequent infection source underscores the importance of monitoring and controlling respiratory infections to prevent septic complications.

Conclusion

  • This study provides valuable retrospective data on blood culture results in horses with suspected sepsis across various European veterinary practices.
  • Results emphasize the diversity of bacterial pathogens and the challenge in defining causative agents when only single cultures are obtained.
  • Clinicians should integrate blood culture results with clinical signs to guide diagnosis and treatment, aiming to improve outcomes in septic horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Geisler ML, Heusinger A, Müller E. (2026). [Retrospective evaluation of equine blood cultures sampled between 2022 and 2024]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2848-1852

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: ger

Researcher Affiliations

Geisler, Marie-Louise
  • Laboklin GmbH und Co. KG, Bad Kissingen.
Heusinger, Anton
  • Laboklin GmbH und Co. KG, Bad Kissingen.
Müller, Elisabeth
  • Laboklin GmbH und Co. KG, Bad Kissingen.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Marie-Louise Geisler und Anton Heusinger sind Angestellte der Laboklin GmbH und Co. KG. Elisabeth Müller ist die Geschäftsführung der Laboklin GmbH und Co. KG.

Citations

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