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Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)2019; 30(1); 66-73; doi: 10.1111/vec.12906

Retrospective evaluation of the association between hyponatremia and neurological dysfunction in hospitalized foals (2012-2016): 109 cases.

Abstract: Hyponatremia and rapid correction of hyponatremia can lead to neurological abnormalities. The objective of the study was to determine whether plasma sodium concentrations (Na ) and speed of correction of hyponatremia are significantly associated with neurological abnormalities in foals. Methods: Retrospective cohort study 2012 to 2016. Methods: Equine hospital. Methods: One hundred and nine foals <6 months old with hyponatremia (Na concentration ≤125 mmol/L). Methods: Case records were reviewed for any foal with hyponatremia. Clinicopathological findings, presence or absence of neurological signs on the day of the lowest Na concentration measured and the following 5 days, diagnosis and outcome were recorded, and changes in Na concentration per hour were calculated for up to 5 subsequent days. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between presence or absence of neurological signs, Na concentration, other known risk factors for neurological dysfunction in foals, and possible confounders. Results: In the final multivariable model, only Na (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86; 95% CI 0.79-0.95; P = 0.002) and BUN concentrations (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with neurological signs. Changes in Na concentrations per hour were not associated with neurological signs on any day after the lowest Na concentration had been measured (P = 0.18-0.82), and development of new neurological signs following correction of hyponatremia was not reported in any foal. Conclusions: Na concentrations were associated with the development of neurological signs in hyponatremic foals. Increased BUN concentrations might contribute to neurological dysfunction, but further studies are necessary to confirm or refute these findings.
© Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2019.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-17 PubMed ID: 31845521DOI: 10.1111/vec.12906Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examined if there was a significant relationship between plasma sodium levels and the speed of hyponatremia correction with neurological abnormalities in foals. The findings indicated a considerable link between sodium levels and neurological signs in hyponatremic foals. However, the change in sodium levels per hour did not influence the neurological signs, and no new neurological symptoms appeared post-hyponatremia correction.

Objective of the Study

  • The study aims to establish if there is a significant correlation between plasma sodium concentrations and the speed of correction of hyponatremia (a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood) with neurological abnormalities in foals (young horses).

Research Methodology

  • The researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2016 at an equine hospital.
  • The study observed 109 foals under six months old with hyponatremia, denoted by a sodium concentration of 125 mmol/L or less.
  • The researchers reviewed the case records of each foal, noting clinical findings, the presence or absence of neurological signs on the day of the lowest sodium level, and the following five days. They also recorded the diagnosis and outcome.
  • The average change in sodium concentration per hour for the subsequent five days was determined and logistic regression was used to assess the correlation between neurological signs and sodium concentration, alongside other known risk factors for neurological dysfunction in foals and potential confounders.

Study Findings

  • The multivariable model showed that only sodium concentrations and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of neurological signs.
  • However, hourly changes in sodium levels were not linked to neurological signs any day after recording the lowest sodium level.
  • No new neurological signs were observed after correcting hyponatremia in any of the foals in the study.

Conclusion of the Study and Further Research

  • The study concluded that the sodium concentrations in the blood are significantly associated with the development of neurological signs in hyponatremic foals.
  • Additionally, elevated BUN levels might contribute to neurological dysfunction. However, further studies would be necessary to substantiate or refute these findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Dunkel B, Dodson F, Chang YM, Slovis NM. (2019). Retrospective evaluation of the association between hyponatremia and neurological dysfunction in hospitalized foals (2012-2016): 109 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio), 30(1), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12906

Publication

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)
ISSN: 1476-4431
NlmUniqueID: 101152804
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 66-73

Researcher Affiliations

Dunkel, Bettina
  • Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK.
Dodson, Fiona
  • Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK.
Chang, Yu-Mei
  • Research Support Office, The Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK.
Slovis, Nathan Marc
  • Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, McGee Medicine Center, Lexington, KY.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn / blood
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horses
  • Hyponatremia / blood
  • Hyponatremia / complications
  • Hyponatremia / veterinary
  • Male
  • Odds Ratio
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Seizures / blood
  • Seizures / etiology
  • Seizures / veterinary
  • Sodium / blood

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Urgibl-Bauer A, Lorch A, Badura D, Zablotski Y, Constable PD, Trefz FM. Retrospective evaluation of acid-base imbalances, clinicopathologic alterations, and prognostic factors in hospitalized calves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1467583.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1467583pubmed: 39834917google scholar: lookup
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