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Equine veterinary journal2021; 53(6); 1210-1217; doi: 10.1111/evj.13413

Right atrial-related structures in horses of interest during electrophysiological studies.

Abstract: Arrhythmias are common in horses, but catheter-based minimally invasive electrophysiological studies and therapeutic interventions have been poorly explored in equine medicine, partly due to the lack of detailed anatomical knowledge of the equine heart. Objective: To describe the dimensions and anatomical features of some electrophysiologically important landmarks of the right atrium in detail and assess their correlation with bodyweight and aortic diameter. Methods: Ex vivo cadaveric study. Methods: Twenty-one hearts of Warmblood horses, subjected to euthanasia for noncardiovascular reasons, were examined post-mortem. The dimensions and anatomical features of the coronary sinus, the great cardiac vein and the oval fossa were recorded. Spearman's Rho correlation coefficients were calculated for correlations between the quantitative parameters and bodyweight and aortic diameter. Results: Median dimensions for coronary sinus, great cardiac vein and oval fossa were obtained. A Thebesian valve, partially covering the ostium of the coronary sinus, was present in 9 of the 21 hearts. A median of 6.5 (range 4-9) valves were present in the great cardiac vein. Several parameters, among which the dimensions of the oval fossa and the length of the great cardiac vein, were significantly positively correlated with bodyweight and aortic diameter. Conclusions: Measurements do not consider the dynamic changes during the cardiac cycle as measurements were performed ex vivo. All specimens were retrieved from Warmblood horses, therefore measurements might not apply to other breeds. Conclusions: This study delivers a detailed description of important right atrial-related structures, necessary for the development of minimally invasive intracardiac procedures in horses. Adequate imaging techniques will have to be explored in order to guide these procedures.
© 2020 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-20 PubMed ID: 33368591DOI: 10.1111/evj.13413Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This article discusses a study that was undertaken to better understand the anatomical structure of the horse’s heart, with a focus on those parts that are pertinent to electrophysiological studies. The researchers believe this knowledge can assist in the development of less invasive heart procedures for horses.

Objective and Methodology

The main objective of this research was to comprehensively describe significant anatomical markers in the right atrium of a horse’s heart. The focus was primarily on elements such as the dimensions and notable features of the coronary sinus, oval fossa, and great cardiac vein, as these are crucial for electrophysiological understanding and studies. Besides, the study sought to examine the correlation between these measurements and the horse’s bodyweight and aortic diameter.

The research used an ex vivo (outside a living body) methodology on 21 Warmblood horse hearts. All these horses were euthanized for reasons not related to cardiovascular illnesses.

Results

  • They derived median dimensions for the coronary sinus, oval fossa, and great cardiac vein via post-mortem examination.
  • A Thebesian valve, partly covering the ostium of the coronary sinus, was discovered in roughly 43% of the sampled hearts.
  • A median of 6.5 (ranging 4-9) valves was found present in the great cardiac vein.
  • A strong positive correlation was observed between measurements like the oval fossa dimensions, bodyweight, aortic diameter, and the length of the great cardiac vein.

Limitations and Conclusions

The study does have several limitations. As the measurements were taken ex vivo, they may not precisely mirror the conditions the heart encounters in a live horse. Similarly, the fact that all specimens were retrieved from Warmblood horses might limit the applicability of these findings to other breeds.

However, despite these limitations, the study provides a significant contribution to the understanding of horse coronary anatomy. By providing a detailed description of important heart-related structures, this study lays the groundwork for further developments in minimally invasive heart procedures for horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Vernemmen I, Vera L, Van Steenkiste G, Deserranno B, Muylle S, Decloedt A, van Loon G. (2021). Right atrial-related structures in horses of interest during electrophysiological studies. Equine Vet J, 53(6), 1210-1217. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13413

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 6
Pages: 1210-1217

Researcher Affiliations

Vernemmen, Ingrid
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Vera, Lisse
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Steenkiste, Glenn
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Deserranno, Bram
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Muylle, Sofie
  • Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Decloedt, Annelies
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
van Loon, Gunther
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Coronary Sinus
  • Heart Atria
  • Horses

Grant Funding

  • BOF19/DOC/166 / Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds
  • 1134917N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • 1S56217N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Vernemmen I, Buschmann E, Demeyere M, Verhaeghe LM, Van Steenkiste G, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Feasibility of transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for multicatheter electrophysiological mapping studies in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Sep-Oct;38(5):2686-2697.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17156pubmed: 39096119google scholar: lookup
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