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American journal of veterinary research2008; 69(12); 1595-1600; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1595

Risk factors for development of neurologic disease after experimental exposure to equine herpesvirus-1 in horses.

Abstract: To identify risk factors associated with development of clinical neurologic signs in horses exposed to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). Methods: 36 adult horses. Methods: Blood samples collected before and after challenge inoculation with nonneuropathogenic or neuropathogenic EHV-1 were analyzed for leukocyte-associated viremia, serum neutralizing antibody, and EHV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLPs). Associations between variables and neurologic disease and correlations between age category or breed and development of neurologic disease were examined. Results: 9 horses developed CNS signs (ataxia, hind limb paresis or paralysis, bladder atony, or recumbency). Neurologic deficits were correlated with infection by a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1, age>20 years, high postexposure viremic load, and low preexposure concentration of CTLPs. No significant correlations were observed between preinfection titers or horse breed and postinfection development of neurologic signs. Conclusions: Horses with high concentrations of preexisting CTLPs, regardless of age, strain of virus, or titer, were more likely to control the magnitude of postinfection leukocyte-associated viremia and subsequent development of neurologic disease; therefore, CTLPs appear to be a critical requirement for protective immunity against EHV-1-induced myeloencephalopathy. The importance of achieving immunity related to high concentrations of vaccine-induced CTLPs in horses at high risk for exposure to neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1 is indicated.
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Publication Date: 2008-12-03 PubMed ID: 19046006DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1595Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focused on identifying key risk factors that lead to neurological symptoms in horses exposed to Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). One significant finding was that horses with higher pre-existing concentrations of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLPs) were more likely to control the infection and prevent neurological disease.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The sample size of the study was 36 adult horses, who were exposed to either a non-neuropathogenic or a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1.
  • Blood samples were collected both before and after viral exposure, and subsequently analysed to determine factors like leukocyte-associated viremia, serum neutralizing antibody levels, and the presence of EHV-1 specific CTLPs.
  • The researchers also examined correlations between the variables and the development of neurologic disease, as well as analysed the role of age and breed in the emergence of neurological symptoms.

Key Findings

  • The study found that nine horses developed signs of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction – including ataxia, hind limb paresis or paralysis, bladder atony, or recumbency – after exposure to EHV-1.
  • There was a correlation between these neurological deficits and several factors: exposure to a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1, being older than 20 years, having a high post-exposure viremic load, and having a low pre-exposure concentration of CTLPs.
  • However, the study found no significant relationship between pre-infection titers or the breed of the horse and post-infection development of neurological symptoms.

Significance of the Study

  • Crucially, the researchers concluded that horses with a high concentration of CTLPs before exposure to EHV-1 were better equipped to control the magnitude of post-infection leukocyte-associated viremia and prevent neurological disease, irrespective of the horse’s age, virus strain, or titers.
  • This underlines the importance of CTLPs as a seal of effective immunity against EHV-1-induced myeloencephalopathy.
  • Thus, horses at high risk of neuropathogenic EHV-1 exposure should attain immunity through vaccination, leading to a high concentration of CTLPs.

Cite This Article

APA
Allen GP. (2008). Risk factors for development of neurologic disease after experimental exposure to equine herpesvirus-1 in horses. Am J Vet Res, 69(12), 1595-1600. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1595

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 69
Issue: 12
Pages: 1595-1600

Researcher Affiliations

Allen, George P
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Aging
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / classification
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
  • Nervous System Diseases / virology
  • Risk Factors
  • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
  • Viremia

Citations

This article has been cited 31 times.
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