Safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species.
Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSAPanel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAPPanel concludes that the additives under consideration are safe for the target species at the following use levels: (i) ginger essential oil up to the maximum proposed use level of 80 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and 20 mg/kg complete feed (or 20 mg/L water for drinking) for all other species; (ii) ginger oleoresin at the maximum proposed concentrations of 20 mg/kg complete feed for fish, sheep, goats and horses and of 1 mg/kg for pets. For the remaining species, the calculated maximum safe concentration of ginger oleoresin in feed is less than that proposed use level and ranges from 5 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening to 21 mg/kg for veal calves; (iii) ginger tincture at the maximum proposed concentrations of 1.6 mL/kg complete feed for horses and 0.26 mL/kg for dogs. For poultry species, the calculated maximum safe dose ranges between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L water for drinking. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of the additives up to the highest safe level in animal nutrition. The additives should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract and as a skin sensitisers. The use of the additives in feed is not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since ginger and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary.
© 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
Publication Date: 2020-06-05 PubMed ID: 32874325PubMed Central: PMC7448036DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6147Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study, conducted by the European Commission’s EFSAPanel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), examines the safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin, and tincture derived from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (commonly known as ginger) as sensory additives in animal feed. The authors concluded that these additives are safe, pose no risk to human consumers or the environment, and no further evidence of efficacy is needed
Objectives of Research
- The main goal of this research, initiated by a request from the European Commission, was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using extracts from Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Ginger) as sensory additives in animal feed for all species.
- Ginger extracts under consideration were essential oil, oleoresin, and tincture.
- The FEEDAP panel was tasked with delivering a scientific verdict on the safety and usefulness of these additives.
Findings and Conclusions
- Based on the research, the panel concluded that these additives are secure for the target animal species when applied at specific usage levels.
- The reported safe use levels for ginger essential oil were up to 80 mg/kg for veal calves (in milk replacer) and 20 mg/kg complete feed or 20 mg/L drinking water for all other species.
- For ginger oleoresin, the safe concentrations were at most 20 mg/kg of complete feed for fish, sheep, goats and horses and 1 mg/kg for pets. For other species, the maximum safe concentration was less than the proposed level, varying from 5 mg/kg for chickens bred for meat to 21 mg/kg for veal calves.
- In the case of ginger tincture, maximum safe concentrations were reported as 1.6 mL/kg of complete feed for horses and 0.26 mL/kg for dogs. Calculated safe doses for poultry species were between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L of drinking water.
- The panel also found that these additives do not pose any risk to consumers when used at their highest safe levels in animal nutrition, and they do not possess a risk to the environment.
The Biological and Sensory Impact
- However, the additives were identified as potential skin and eye irritants, respiratory tract irritants, and skin sensitizers. Thus, appropriate precautions should be taken while handling these substances.
- Given the wide recognition of ginger and its preparations for flavoring food, and the understanding that their function in animal feed would be essentially the same, the panel deemed that no further demonstration of efficacy was necessary.
Cite This Article
APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Kos Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Gregoretti L, Manini P, Dusemund B.
(2020).
Safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species.
EFSA J, 18(6), e06147.
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6147 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
References
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of feed additives obtained from the fruit of Pimpinella anisum L.: anise oil for use in poultry and horses and anise tincture for use in poultry, dogs, cats and horses (FEFANA asbl).. EFSA J 2023 Apr;21(4):e07976.
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