Secondary osteon size and collagen/lamellar organization (“osteon morphotypes”) are not coupled, but potentially adapt independently for local strain mode or magnitude.
Abstract: In bone, matrix slippage that occurs at cement lines of secondary osteons during loading is an important toughening mechanism. Toughness can also be enhanced by modifications in osteon cross-sectional size (diameter) for specific load environments; for example, smaller osteons in more highly strained "compression" regions vs. larger osteons in less strained "tension" regions. Additional osteon characteristics that enhance toughness are distinctive variations in collagen/lamellar organization (i.e., "osteon morphotypes"). Interactions might exist between osteon diameter and morphotype that represent adaptations for resisting deleterious shear stresses that occur at the cement line. This may be why osteons often have a peripheral ring (or "hoop") of highly oblique/transverse collagen. We hypothesized that well developed/distinct "hoops" are compensatory adaptations in cases where increased osteon diameter is mechanically advantageous (e.g., larger osteons in "tension" regions would have well developed/distinct "hoops" in order to resist deleterious consequences of co-existing localized shear stresses). We tested this hypothesis by determining if there are correlations between osteon diameters and strongly hooped morphotypes in "tension", "compression", and "neutral axis" regions of femora (chimpanzees, humans), radii (horse, sheep) and calcanei (horse, deer). The results reject the hypothesis-larger osteons are not associated with well developed/distinct "hoops", even in "tension regions" where the effect was expected to be obvious. Although osteon diameter and morphotype are not coupled, osteon diameters seem to be associated with increased strain magnitudes in some cases, but this is inconsistent. By contrast, osteon morphotypes are more strongly correlated with the distribution of tension and compression.
Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2012-11-01 PubMed ID: 23123271DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.10.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The research indicates that the size and structure of secondary osteons, the structural unit of compact bone, do not necessarily correlate but might independently adapt to different levels of strain or pressure put on the bone.
Understanding Secondary Osteons
- Secondary osteons, or Haversian systems, are found in most mature bones and are essential to its toughness.
- These microscopic cylindrical structures are capable of adapting their size and structure in response to strain modes or magnitudes.
- Cement lines are the quite visible boundaries of individual osteons. Change in this area often indicates matrix slippage during loading, a major factor contributing to the toughness of the bone.
Osteon Diameter and Morphotype Hypothesis
- The research explored the potential correlation between the size (diameter) of osteons and their distinctive collagen/lamellar organization, referred to as “osteon morphotypes”.
- The researchers hypothesized that larger osteons, particularly in tension regions, would develop well-defined “hoops” of oblique/transverse collagen as an adaptation strategy to resist shear stresses at the cement line.
Results and Findings
- The research findings do not support the initial hypothesis that larger osteons would display well-defined hoops, even in tension areas.
- This suggests that osteon diameter and morphotypes do not have a direct correlation, leading the researchers to believe that they may adapt independently in response to strain.
- The study found inconsistencies in the association between osteon diameters and increased strain magnitudes, but a stronger correlation was identified between osteon morphotypes and the distribution of tension and compression in the bone.
Cite This Article
APA
Skedros JG, Keenan KE, Williams TJ, Kiser CJ.
(2012).
Secondary osteon size and collagen/lamellar organization (“osteon morphotypes”) are not coupled, but potentially adapt independently for local strain mode or magnitude.
J Struct Biol, 181(2), 95-107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2012.10.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. jskedrosmd@uosmd.com
MeSH Terms
- Adaptation, Physiological / physiology
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Birefringence
- Bone and Bones / anatomy & histology
- Bone and Bones / physiology
- Collagen / physiology
- Deer
- Haversian System / anatomy & histology
- Haversian System / physiology
- Horses
- Humans
- Pan troglodytes
- Shear Strength / physiology
- Sheep
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Mandair GS, Bigelow EMR, Viswanathan G, Ward FS, Patton DM, Schlecht SH, Jepsen KJ, Kohn DH. Region-specific associations among tissue-level mechanical properties, porosity, and composition in human male femora.. J Biomech 2022 Jun;139:111144.
- Muñoz A, Docaj A, Ugarteburu M, Carriero A. Poor bone matrix quality: What can be done about it?. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021 Oct;19(5):510-531.
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- Taguchi T, Lopez MJ. An overview of de novo bone generation in animal models.. J Orthop Res 2021 Jan;39(1):7-21.
- Nguyen JT, Barak MM. Secondary osteon structural heterogeneity between the cranial and caudal cortices of the proximal humerus in white-tailed deer.. J Exp Biol 2020 Jun 11;223(Pt 11).
- Skedros JG, Doutré MS. Collagen fiber orientation pattern, osteon morphology and distribution, and presence of laminar histology do not distinguish torsion from bending in bat and pigeon wing bones.. J Anat 2019 Jun;234(6):748-763.
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