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BMC veterinary research2018; 14(1); 230; doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1554-5

Sero-epidemioloical survey on African horse sickness virus among horses in Khartoum State, Central Sudan.

Abstract: African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an infectious non contagious insect-transmitted double-stranded (ds) RNA orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. AHSV causes an often fatal hemorrhagic infection with high mortality among selected breeds of Arabian horses. This study was conducted to avail some information with regard to the prevalence and associated risk factors of AHSV among ecotype breeds of horses in central Sudan. Methods: Sera were collected from 320 horses, which were selected randomly from four localities and employed in the study. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used to screen sampled sera for AHSV-specific immunoglobulin G (Ig G) antibodies. Results: Seropositivity to AHSV Ig G was detected in 275 out of the 320 horse sera, thus accounting for a prevalence rate of 85.9%. Potential risk factors to AHSV infection were reported to be associated with horse breed (OR = 5.0, CI = 0.07-2.104, p-value = 0.039) and activity of the horse (OR = 3.21, CI = 0.72-1.48, p- value = 0.008). Conclusions: The high prevalence of AHSV in Khartoum State of Central Sudan necessitates the need for continuous surveillance for AHSV infection to prevent a possible disease outbreak in this region of the African continent.
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Publication Date: 2018-08-01 PubMed ID: 30068335PubMed Central: PMC6090883DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1554-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research investigated the prevalence and risk factors of the African horse sickness virus (AHSV) among various breeds of horses in central Sudan and found a high prevalence rate and certain risk factors.

Introduction

The research focuses on the African horse sickness virus (AHSKV), a deadly non- contagious virus, transmitted by insects that severely impacts certain breeds of Arabian horses. This study was carried out specifically in Khartoum State, located in central Sudan, to assess the commonality or prevalence of the AHSV and to identify the associated risk factors.

Methodology

  • 320 horses from different breeds from four different localities in central Sudan were included in the study.
  • Blood samples were taken from these horses and were analyzed for presence of AHSV-specific immunoglobulin G (Ig G) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) method. The Ig G antibodies indicate the body’s immune response to the virus.

Results

  • Out of 320 horses, 275 showed positive results for AHSV Ig G antibodies, indicating a prevalence rate of 85.9%. This high percentage suggests a widespread presence of the virus amongst the horse population.
  • Risk factors were identified and statistically linked to the presence of AHSV. Specifically, the breed of the horse and the activity level of the horse were significantly associated with the virus.

Conclusion

Due to the high prevalence rate, the research concludes that there is a need for a continuous surveillance for AHSV in central Sudan to prevent an outbreak of the disease. The identified risk factors should guide selective breeding and activity management to reduce the threat of AHSV.

Cite This Article

APA
Karamalla ST, Gubran AI, Adam IA, Abdalla TM, Sinada RO, Haroun EM, Aradaib IE. (2018). Sero-epidemioloical survey on African horse sickness virus among horses in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. BMC Vet Res, 14(1), 230. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1554-5

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 230

Researcher Affiliations

Karamalla, Siham T
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Gubran, Ahmed I
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Adam, Ibrahim A
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Abdalla, Tamadur M
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Sinada, Reem O
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Haroun, Eltahir M
  • Scientific Research Directorate, Al-Mughtaribeen University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Aradaib, Imadeldin E
  • Molecular Biology Laboratory (MBL), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan. aradaib@yahoo.com.
  • Scientific Research Directorate, Al-Mughtaribeen University, Khartoum, Sudan. aradaib@yahoo.com.
  • EBH Scientific Research Laboratory, Zamzam University College (ZUC), Khartoum, Sudan. aradaib@yahoo.com.

MeSH Terms

  • African Horse Sickness / epidemiology
  • African Horse Sickness / etiology
  • African Horse Sickness / virology
  • African Horse Sickness Virus
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / immunology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horses / virology
  • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
  • Male
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Sudan / epidemiology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Conflict of Interest Statement

Collection of blood from horses was performed by qualified veterinarians following proper physical restraint of animals to ensure both personnel and animal safety. Animal owners were explained the study purposes before procedures and upon agreeing to participate, they provided a written consent prior to study procedures and blood collection from their animals. The study received ethical clearance from the Research Board of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan. The risk factor information was obtained from the animal owners through the structured questionnaire form, which permitted the use of the blood samples for diagnostic and research purposes. Not applicable. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Chinyere CN, Ajaebili AC, Peter-Ajuzie IK, Galadima HB, Daodu OB, Fatola OI, Okolo CC, Alaba BA, Akinniyi OO, Omoniwa DO, Edeh ER, Olorunfemi AB, Olayinka TA, Ojurongbe O, Oluwayelu DO, Muhammad AB, Abubakar MB, Meseko CA, Happi AN, Happi CT, Bakarey AS, Groschup MH, Olopade JO. Prevalence of African Horse Sickness Virus Antibodies in Horses and Selected Wildlife in Four Geographical Regions of Nigeria. Vet Med Int 2025;2025:4106678.
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  2. Assefa A, Tibebu A, Bihon A, Dagnachew A, Muktar Y. Ecological niche modeling predicting the potential distribution of African horse sickness virus from 2020 to 2060. Sci Rep 2022 Feb 2;12(1):1748.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05826-3pubmed: 35110661google scholar: lookup
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