Seroepidemiological and molecular evidence for the presence of two H3N8 equine influenza viruses in China in 1993-94.
Abstract: In May 1993, a severe epidemic of respiratory disease began in horses in Inner Mongolia and spread throughout horses in China. The disease affected mules and donkeys as well as horses but did not spread to other species, including humans. The severity of the disease raised the question of whether the outbreak might have been caused by the new avian-like influenza viruses detected in horses in China in 1989 or by current variants ofA/equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) (equine-2) or by a reassortant between these viruses. Antigenic and sequence analysis established that all gene segments of the influenza virus causing the epidemic were of recent equine-2 origin and that the virus was not a reassortant. Serological analysis of post-infection horse sera provided evidence for the continued circulation of the A/Equine/Jilin/1/89 (Eq/Jilin) (H3N8) avian-like viruses in horses in Heilongjiang province with original antigenic sin-like responses. It is noteworthy that prior infection with the avian-like Eq/Jilin strain did not afford cross-protection against a current equine-2 strain. Serological evidence for the continued circulation of the avian-like H3N8 influenza virus in horses indicates that this virus has probably established itself in horses in Asia.
Publication Date: 1995-08-01 PubMed ID: 7636481DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2009Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research explored two types of H3N8 equine influenza viruses that were present in horses in China during 1993-94, causing a widespread respiratory disease. The study established that the more severe strain of virus wasn’t a novel form but was of traditional equine-2 origin.
Research Background and Objectives
- The research was initiated following a widespread epidemic of respiratory diseases in horses, prevalent in Inner Mongolia and spreading across overall China in May 1993.
- The disease had also affected mules and donkeys but no symptoms were found in other species, including humans.
- The objective of the study was to examine whether the respiratory disease was caused by newly found avian-like influenza viruses of 1989 or common variants of equine-2 influenza virus or by a reassortant combination of these viruses.
Methodology and Results
- The researchers followed antigenic and sequence analysis to evaluate the origins of the influenza virus that acted as the catalyst for the epidemic.
- All gene segments of the disease-causing virus were linked to equine-2, suggesting that the disease wasn’t caused by reassortant viruses.
- The serological analysis was employed on post-infection horse sera, uncovering evidence of a circulating avian-like H3N8 influenza virus that had been seen in horses in Heilongjiang province.
- A significant finding was that a prior infection with the avian-like strain did not interact with the body’s immune response to protect against the current equine-2 strain.
Conclusions and Implications
- The research indicates that the avian-like H3N8 influenza virus continues to circulate in horses, suggesting that this virus may have become a stable presence in Asia’s horse population.
- The unusual detail was that the trend of previous avian-like virus infections didn’t provide cross-protection against the current equine strain, offering insights into equine immunity and virus capabilities.
- The outcomes of this study are essential for developing effective treatments and vaccines against the disease, potentially contributing to the prevention of future outbreaks.
Cite This Article
APA
Guo Y, Wang M, Zheng GS, Li WK, Kawaoka Y, Webster RG.
(1995).
Seroepidemiological and molecular evidence for the presence of two H3N8 equine influenza viruses in China in 1993-94.
J Gen Virol, 76 ( Pt 8), 2009-2014.
https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2009 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Influenza, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antigens, Viral / immunology
- Base Sequence
- China / epidemiology
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Genome, Viral
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
- Influenza A virus / classification
- Influenza A virus / genetics
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Serotyping
Grant Funding
- AI-29599 / NIAID NIH HHS
- AI-29680 / NIAID NIH HHS
- CA-21765 / NCI NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- West J, Röder J, Matrosovich T, Beicht J, Baumann J, Mounogou Kouassi N, Doedt J, Bovin N, Zamperin G, Gastaldelli M, Salviato A, Bonfante F, Kosakovsky Pond S, Herfst S, Fouchier R, Wilhelm J, Klenk HD, Matrosovich M. Characterization of changes in the hemagglutinin that accompanied the emergence of H3N2/1968 pandemic influenza viruses. PLoS Pathog 2021 Sep;17(9):e1009566.
- Jang Y, Seo T, Seo SH. Higher virulence of swine H1N2 influenza viruses containing avian-origin HA and 2009 pandemic PA and NP in pigs and mice. Arch Virol 2020 May;165(5):1141-1150.
- Chambers TM. Equine Influenza. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022 Jan 4;12(1).
- Zhu H, Damdinjav B, Gonzalez G, Patrono LV, Ramirez-Mendoza H, Amat JAR, Crispell J, Parr YA, Hammond TA, Shiilegdamba E, Leung YHC, Peiris M, Marshall JF, Hughes J, Gilbert M, Murcia PR. Absence of adaptive evolution is the main barrier against influenza emergence in horses in Asia despite frequent virus interspecies transmission from wild birds. PLoS Pathog 2019 Feb;15(2):e1007531.
- Rosanowski SM, Carpenter TE, Adamson D, Rogers CW, Pearce P, Burns M, Cogger N. An economic analysis of a contingency model utilising vaccination for the control of equine influenza in a non-endemic country. PLoS One 2019;14(1):e0210885.
- Miller RS, Sweeney SJ, Slootmaker C, Grear DA, Di Salvo PA, Kiser D, Shwiff SA. Cross-species transmission potential between wild pigs, livestock, poultry, wildlife, and humans: implications for disease risk management in North America. Sci Rep 2017 Aug 10;7(1):7821.
- Meseko CA, Ehizibolo DO, Nwokike EC, Wungak YS. Serological evidence of equine influenza virus in horse stables in Kaduna, Nigeria. J Equine Sci 2016;27(3):99-105.
- Zhou P, Huang S, Zeng W, Zhang X, Wang L, Fu X, Li S. Seroepidemiological Evidence of Subtype H3N8 Influenza Virus Infection among Pet Dogs in China. PLoS One 2016;11(7):e0159106.
- Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
- Patrono LV, Bonfante F, Zanardello C, Terregino C, Capua I, Murcia PR. Phylogenetically distinct equine influenza viruses show different tropism for the swine respiratory tract. J Gen Virol 2015 May;96(Pt 5):969-974.
- Elton D, Bruce EA, Bryant N, Wise HM, MacRae S, Rash A, Smith N, Turnbull ML, Medcalf L, Daly JM, Digard P. The genetics of virus particle shape in equine influenza A virus. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Dec;7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):81-9.
- Gildea S, Fitzpatrick DA, Cullinane A. Epidemiological and virological investigations of equine influenza outbreaks in Ireland (2010-2012). Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Dec;7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):61-72.
- Yondon M, Heil GL, Burks JP, Zayat B, Waltzek TB, Jamiyan BO, McKenzie PP, Krueger WS, Friary JA, Gray GC. Isolation and characterization of H3N8 equine influenza A virus associated with the 2011 epizootic in Mongolia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Sep;7(5):659-65.
- Wahlgren J. Influenza A viruses: an ecology review. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2011;1.
- Sandrock C, Kelly T. Clinical review: update of avian influenza A infections in humans. Crit Care 2007;11(2):209.
- Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001 Jan;14(1):129-49.
- Adeyefa CA, James ML, McCauley JW. Antigenic and genetic analysis of equine influenza viruses from tropical Africa in 1991. Epidemiol Infect 1996 Oct;117(2):367-74.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
