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Viruses2022; 14(2); 243; doi: 10.3390/v14020243

Seroepidemiological Survey of West Nile Virus Infections in Horses from Berlin/Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Abstract: Following the introduction of the West Nile virus (WNV) into eastern Germany in 2018, increasing infections have been diagnosed in birds, equines, and humans over time, while the spread of WNV into western Germany remained unclear. We screened 437 equine sera from 2018 to 2020, excluding vaccinated horses, collected from convenience sampled patients in the eastern and western parts of Germany, for WNV-specific antibodies (ELISAs followed by virus/specific neutralization tests) and genomes (RT-qPCRs). Clinical presentations, final diagnoses, and demographic data were also recorded. In the eastern part, a total of eight horses were found WNV seropositive in 2019 (seroprevalence of 8.16%) and 27 in 2020 (13.77%). There were also two clinically unsuspected horses with WNV-specific antibodies in the western part from 2020 (2.63%), albeit travel history-related infections could not be excluded. None of the horse sera contained WNV-specific genomes. Eight horses in eastern Germany carried WNV-IgM antibodies, but only four of these showed typical clinical signs. These results underline the difficulty of detecting a WNV infection in a horse solely based on clinical signs. Thus, WNV circulation is established in the horse population in eastern Germany, but not yet in the western part.
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Publication Date: 2022-01-25 PubMed ID: 35215837PubMed Central: PMC8877243DOI: 10.3390/v14020243Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study involved the screening of horse samples in Germany for infection of West Nile virus (WNV), revealing that the virus is present among equine populations in eastern Germany, but not yet detected in the west.

Research Objectives and Methodology

  • The research aimed to investigate the spread of West Nile virus (WNV) in Germany, particularly in the western part of the country, as its presence and spread over time in the east was previously documented.
  • Equine sera samples, collected from 2018-2020 from various locations in both eastern and western Germany, were used in the study. All samples were from unvaccinated horses.
  • The samples underwent testing for WNV-specific antibodies using ELISAs (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays), confirmed by virus/specific neutralization tests. The study also sought the presence of WNV genomes using RT-qPCRs (Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reactions).
  • Alongside these tests, clinical presentations, final diagnoses, and demographic data of the horses were recorded.

Key Findings

  • In eastern Germany, eight horses were found to test positive for WNV in 2019, representing a seroprevalence of 8.16%. The number rose to 27 horses in 2020, signifying a seroprevalence of 13.77%.
  • In the western part, only two horses were found with WNV-specific antibodies in 2020, totaling a seroprevalence of 2.63%. However, it was not clear whether these were due to travel history-related infections.
  • No WNV-specific genomes were found in the horse sera from either region.
  • In eastern Germany, eight horses were found to have WNV-IgM antibodies. Among these, only four showed clinical signs typical of a WNV infection, emphasizing the challenge of detecting WNV based on clinical signs alone.

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that WNV circulation has become established in the horse population in eastern Germany, while its presence in western Germany remains unconfirmed.

Cite This Article

APA
Bergmann F, Trachsel DS, Stoeckle SD, Bernis Sierra J, Lübke S, Groschup MH, Gehlen H, Ziegler U. (2022). Seroepidemiological Survey of West Nile Virus Infections in Horses from Berlin/Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Viruses, 14(2), 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020243

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
PII: 243

Researcher Affiliations

Bergmann, Felicitas
  • Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Trachsel, Dagmar S
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Stoeckle, Sabita D
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Bernis Sierra, Joke
  • Equine Veterinary Practice, 53819 Neunkirchen-Seelscheid, Germany.
Lübke, Stephan
  • Equine Veterinary Practice, 53819 Neunkirchen-Seelscheid, Germany.
Groschup, Martin H
  • Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Ziegler, Ute
  • Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Berlin / epidemiology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Female
  • Germany / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horses
  • Immunoglobulin M / blood
  • Male
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • West Nile Fever / diagnosis
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / immunology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile virus / immunology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funder had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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