Serological evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in equids in Algerian eastern drylands and its epidemiological risk factors.
Abstract: In order to determine the prevalence of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), Usutu virus (USUV), and West Nile virus (WNV) in eastern Algerian drylands, 340 sera from distinct equids have been collected from 2015 to 2017. Serological analysis for the presence of antibodies against EIAV and flaviviruses was performed using commercially available ELISAs. Sera detected positive, doubtful, or negative close to the doubtful threshold in flavivirus ELISA were tested by the virus neutralization test (VNT), using WNV and USUV strains. The prevalence of WNV antibodies with ELISA was 11.47% (39/340) against 13.53% (46/340) by WNV VNT. EIAV antibodies were not detected in any samples. WNV seroprevalence varies with species, breed and location of horses. Only, one equid was positive for both WNV and USUV neutralizing antibodies. This is the first screening on equids sera of EIAV and USUV in Algeria. This study indicate that WNV and possibly USUV have circulated/are circulating in the Algerian equine population, unlike EIAV does not seem to be present.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2023-01-10 PubMed ID: 36638646DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101947Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Antibodies
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
- Epidemiology
- Equids
- Equine Health
- Equine Infectious Anemia
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Public Health
- Serological Surveys
- Seroprevalence
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Virology
- Virus
- West Nile Virus
Summary
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The research paper examined the prevalence of West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in equids in eastern Algerian drylands, finding evidence of WNV, and possibly USUV, present in the equine population.
Methodology
- The researchers gathered 340 serum samples from various equids in eastern Algerian drylands between 2015 and 2017.
- These samples were analyzed serologically for presence of antibodies against EIAV and flaviviruses using commercially available ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays).
- Samples that tested positive, doubtful, or negative close to the doubtful threshold in the flavivirus ELISA were further tested by the virus neutralization test (VNT), specifically using WNV and USUV strains.
Findings
- An 11.47% (39/340) prevalence of WNV antibodies was found from ELISA testing, with a slightly higher 13.53% (46/340) prevalence exposed by WNV VNT.
- No antibodies for EIAV were detected in any samples. This indicates that EIAV does not seem to be present in the Algerian equine population.
- WNV seroprevalence was found to vary based on the species, breed, and location of the horses.
- Only one equid tested positive for both WNV and USUV neutralizing antibodies, indicating potential exposure to both viruses. This shows a possible circulation of USUV in the equine population of Algeria.
Significance
- This study marked the first screening of EIAV and USUV in equids within Algeria.
- The findings provide evidence of WNV, and possible USUV, circulating in the Algerian equine population.
Cite This Article
APA
Laabassi F, Dheilly N, Beck C, Amaral R, Gonzalez G, Gaudaire D, Madeline A, Lecouturier F, Lecollinet S, Zientara S, Hans A, Valle-Casuso JC.
(2023).
Serological evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in equids in Algerian eastern drylands and its epidemiological risk factors.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 94, 101947.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101947 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- PIAD Research Team, ESPA Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Agronomics Sciences, University of Batna-1, 05000 Batna, Algeria. Electronic address: farouk.laabassi@univ-batna.dz.
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: nolwenn.dheilly@anses.fr.
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: cbeck@var.fr.
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: rayane.amaral@inserm.fr.
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: gaelle.gonzalez@anses.fr.
- ANSES-Laboratory for Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Equine Diseases Unit, Goustranville, France. Electronic address: Delphine.GAUDAIRE@anses.fr.
- ANSES-Laboratory for Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Equine Diseases Unit, Goustranville, France. Electronic address: Anthony.MADELINE@anses.fr.
- ANSES-Laboratory for Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Equine Diseases Unit, Goustranville, France. Electronic address: Fanny.LECOUTURIER@anses.fr.
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: sylvie.lecollinet@cirad.fr.
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: stephan.zientara@anses.fr.
- ANSES-Laboratory for Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Equine Diseases Unit, Goustranville, France. Electronic address: aymeric.hans@laposte.net.
- ANSES-Laboratory for Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Equine Diseases Unit, Goustranville, France. Electronic address: jose-carlos.valle-casuso@anses.fr.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- West Nile virus
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- Flavivirus Infections / epidemiology
- Flavivirus Infections / veterinary
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Flavivirus
- Antibodies, Viral
- Risk Factors
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest None of the authors of this paper has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organisations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Zanella G, Beck C, Valle-Casuso JC, Anthony M, Cruz M, Vélez A, Vinueza RL, Gonzalez G. Undetection of vector-borne viruses in equids of Galapagos Islands. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1411624.
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