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Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine2021; 43; e001720; doi: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001720

Serological evidence of Eastern equine encephalitis circulation in equids in Pará state, Brazil.

Abstract: Serum samples from 89 equids were analyzed (75 horses, 9 donkeys, and 5 mules) from the municipality of Viseu, Pará state, Brazil. Samples were collected in November 2014 and August 2015. The antibody prevalence against the following alphaviruses was estimated: Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Mucambo virus, and Mayaro virus. Seroprevalence was determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique. Sera that exhibited HI antibodies with heterotypic reactions for the analyzed viruses were subjected to the 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The HI prevalence of monotypic reactions to EEEV was 7.9%, and that of WEEV was 1.1%, as confirmed by PRNT. Viral isolation attempts were negative for all tested blood samples. Our results suggest the circulation of equine encephalitis complex viruses. Future studies should evaluate the possible involvement of arthropod hosts and residents in the viral transmission in the study area. Foram analisadas amostras de soros de 89 equídeos (75 equinos, 9 asininos e 5 muares) oriundos do município de Viseu, estado do Pará. As amostras foram coletadas no período de novembro de 2014 e agosto de 2015. Foram estimadas as prevalências de anticorpos contra os seguintes Alfavírus: vírus da Encefalite equina leste (EEEV), vírus da Encefalite equina oeste (WEEV), vírus Mucambo (MUCV), and vírus Mayaro (MAYV). A soroprevalência foi determinada por técnicas de Inibição da Hemaglutinação (IH), porém os soros que apresentaram anticorpos IH com reações heterotípicas para os vírus analisados foram submetidos ao PRNT. A prevalência de reações monotípicas por IH para EEEV foi de 7, 9% e para WEEV foi de 1,1%, confirmadas por PRNT. A tentativa de isolamento viral foi negativa em todas as amostras de sangue testadas. Nossos resultados sugerem a circulação de vírus do complexo das encefalites equinas. Estudos futuros devem ser realizados para avaliar possível envolvimento de hospedeiros artrópodes e residentes na área de abrangência do estudo.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-31 PubMed ID: 35749099PubMed Central: PMC9185993DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001720Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the circulation of Eastern equine encephalitis virus in equids (horses, donkeys, mules) in the Pará state of Brazil, with revealed evidence of the virus presence through serological testing.

Sample Collection and Analysis

  • The study involved analyzing serum samples from 89 equids, which included 75 horses, 9 donkeys, and 5 mules. These samples were drawn from the municipality of Viseu, located in the Pará state of Brazil.
  • Two rounds of sample collection were carried out, the first in November of 2014 and the second in August of 2015.

Methodology for Virus Detection

  • The study primarily used the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against four alphaviruses. These were Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), Mucambo virus (MUCV), and Mayaro virus (MAYV).
  • Following the HI test, samples that showed heterotypic reactions (cross-reactivity or multiple reactions) for the analyzed viruses underwent a 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to confirm the results.

Findings of the Study

  • The HI technique yielded some significant data. The prevalence of monotypic reactions, indicating a single virus reaction, for the EEEV was 7.9%, while for the WEEV, it was 1.1%. These results were further confirmed by performing the PRNT.
  • However, the researchers were unable to isolate the viruses from any of the blood samples tested, making the actual presence of the live virus in the tested subjects uncertain.

Implications and Recommended Future Research

  • Despite the inability to isolate viruses, the results of this study suggest the circulation of equine encephalitis complex viruses in the tested area.
  • To understand the transmission and spread of these viruses more precisely, the authors recommend further studies focusing on the possible involvement of arthropod hosts and humans residing in the studied areas.

Cite This Article

APA
Nunes JDSDSS, Casseb LMN, Guimarães RJPS, Reis WDM, de Barros BCV, Ferreira MS, Chiang JO, Pinheiro HHC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Cruz ACR. (2021). Serological evidence of Eastern equine encephalitis circulation in equids in Pará state, Brazil. Braz J Vet Med, 43, e001720. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001720

Publication

Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine
ISSN: 2527-2179
NlmUniqueID: 9918435088106676
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 43
Pages: e001720
PII: e001720

Researcher Affiliations

Nunes, Josynélia do Socorro da Silva Sena
  • Veterinarian, MSc., Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia (PPGV), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Casseb, Lívia Medeiros Neves
  • Veterinarian, DSc., Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Sousa
  • Biologist. DSc., Setor de Geoprocessamento, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Reis, Wilgner Duarte Magalhães
  • Graduate Student in Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA), Marabá, PA, Brazil.
de Barros, Bruno de Cássio Veloso
  • Veterinarian, DSc., PPGV, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Ferreira, Milene Silveira
  • Biomedical Scientist, DSc, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Chiang, Jannifer Oliveira
  • Biomedical Scientist, DSc, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Pinheiro, Helder Henrique Costa
  • Dentist, DSc., Instituto Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa
  • Veterinarian, DSc., PPGV, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
Cruz, Ana Cecília Ribeiro
  • Biomedical Scientist, DSc, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of interests: JSSSN, LMNC, RJPSG, WDMR, BCVB, MSF, JOC, HHCP, PFCV, ACRC no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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