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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis / Serological evidence of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in liv...
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)2012; 12(11); 969-978; doi: 10.1089/vbz.2012.0959

Serological evidence of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in livestock and wildlife in Trinidad.

Abstract: Seroprevalence rates of selected arboviruses in animal populations in Trinidad were determined using serum samples collected between 2006 and 2009 from horses (n=506), cattle (n=163), sheep (n=198), goats (n=82), pigs (n=184), birds (n=140), rodents (n=116), and other vertebrates (n=23). The sera were screened for antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), Ilheus virus (ILHV), Bussuquara virus (BSQV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), using hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Antibodies to SLEV were detected in a total of 49 (9.7%) horses, 8 (4.9%) cattle, 1 (1.2%) goat, 2 (1.4%) wild birds, and 3 (2.2%) wild rodents by both methods. In contrast, antibodies to EEEV, VEEV, and WNV were detected only in horses, at rates of 4.3%, 0.8%, and 17.2%, respectively, by ELISA, and IgM capture ELISA was WNV-positive in 3 (0.6%) of these sera. Among locally bred unvaccinated horses that had never left Trinidad, seroprevalence rates against WNV were 12.1% and 17.2% by ELISA and HIA, respectively. The presence of WNV- and SLEV-specific antibodies in a representative sample of horse sera that were both ELISA- and HIA-seropositive was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT). Antibodies to ILHV and BSQV were not detected in any of the serum samples tested (i.e., sera from horses, other livestock, and wild birds in the case of ILHV, and wild mammals in the case of BSQV). The data indicate the presence of WNV in Trinidad, and continuing low-level circulation of SLEV, EEEV, and VEEV.
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Publication Date: 2012-09-18 PubMed ID: 22989182PubMed Central: PMC3491626DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.0959Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research is about a study conducted to determine the presence of selected arboviruses in animals in Trinidad between 2006 and 2009. The authors found evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), among other arboviruses, circulating in various species.

Methodology

  • The study used serum samples collected from a variety of animals including horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, birds, rodents and other vertebrates.
  • These serum samples were used to screen for antibodies to a number of arboviruses: West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Ilheus virus, Bussuquara virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and western equine encephalitis virus.
  • The screening was done using a hemagglutination inhibition assay and epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

  • The results of the assays showed that antibodies to St. Louis encephalitis virus were found in a variety of species including horses, cattle, goats, birds, and rodents.
  • On the other hand, antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus were only detected in horses.
  • Among the horse population, the seroprevalence rates for West Nile virus were found to be significantly high amongst the unvaccinated and locally bred horses.
  • The researchers confirmed the presence of West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus in the horse sera through a confirmation test called plaque reduction neutralization testing.
  • No evidence of Ilheus or Bussuquara virus was found in any of the tested samples which included those from horses, other livestock, and wildlife.

Implications

  • The data collected in this study suggests the presence of West Nile virus in Trinidad, and the ongoing low-level circulation of St. Louis encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the studied animal populations.
  • This information can be useful to inform public health initiatives and improve surveillance of arboviral diseases, particularly among animal populations, in order to prevent outbreaks and transmission to humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Thompson NN, Auguste AJ, Coombs D, Blitvich BJ, Carrington CV, da Rosa AP, Wang E, Chadee DD, Drebot MA, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, Adesiyun AA. (2012). Serological evidence of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in livestock and wildlife in Trinidad. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 12(11), 969-978. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2012.0959

Publication

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1557-7759
NlmUniqueID: 100965525
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 11
Pages: 969-978

Researcher Affiliations

Thompson, Nadin N
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Auguste, Albert J
    Coombs, Dane
      Blitvich, Bradley J
        Carrington, Christine V F
          da Rosa, Amelia P Travassos
            Wang, Eryu
              Chadee, Dave D
                Drebot, Michael A
                  Tesh, Robert B
                    Weaver, Scott C
                      Adesiyun, Abiodun A

                        MeSH Terms

                        • Alphavirus / immunology
                        • Alphavirus / isolation & purification
                        • Alphavirus Infections / epidemiology
                        • Alphavirus Infections / veterinary
                        • Alphavirus Infections / virology
                        • Animals
                        • Animals, Wild
                        • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                        • Birds
                        • Cattle
                        • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
                        • Flavivirus / immunology
                        • Flavivirus / isolation & purification
                        • Flavivirus Infections / epidemiology
                        • Flavivirus Infections / veterinary
                        • Flavivirus Infections / virology
                        • Goats
                        • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
                        • Horses
                        • Livestock
                        • Rodentia
                        • Seroepidemiologic Studies
                        • Sheep
                        • Swine
                        • Trinidad and Tobago / epidemiology
                        • West Nile Fever / immunology
                        • West Nile Fever / veterinary
                        • West Nile Fever / virology
                        • West Nile virus / immunology
                        • West Nile virus / isolation & purification

                        Grant Funding

                        • AI057156 / NIAID NIH HHS

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