Serological evidence of H3N2 canine influenza virus infection among horses with dog exposure.
Abstract: Currently, Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 is continuously circulating in dog populations in China, Korea, and the United States (US). Both influenza SA-α-2,3-Gal and SA-α-2,6-Gal receptors have been observed in the respiratory tracts of both horses and dogs. Hence, the increasing number of CIV H3N2 cases in the world indicates a potential risk for transspecies transmission to horses with dog exposure. Here, a seroepidemiological survey of CIV H3N2 infections in horses was conducted using hemagglutination inhibition (HI), microneutralization (MN) and the chicken embryo neutralization test (CENT). From April 2014 to November 2016, 399 sera from race horses were collected in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Huizhou, and Shenzhen in China. Nine specimens (2.2%, 9/399) were positive for CIV H3N2 with HI titers ≥ 1:20, MN titers ≥ 1:80 and CENT titers ≥ 1:80. Furthermore, these positive horses showed significant correlation with dog exposure, and some dogs (20%, 3/15) from the same riding clubs as the positive horses also possessed antibodies against CIV H3N2. This study is the first to provide seroepidemiological evidence of CIV H3N2 infection in horses with exposure to dogs. Based on these findings, continuous serological and virological surveillance of CIV H3N2 infection among horses is imperative, and further animal experiments should be performed.
© 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
Publication Date: 2019-01-11 PubMed ID: 30565867DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13104Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research study examined the evidence of horses getting infected by H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) through exposure to dogs, most notably in China. It is the first study to provide such evidence and calls for further continuous surveillance of CIV H3N2 infections among horses, and additional animal tests.
Research Background
- The study focuses on the H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) that is circulating frequently among dog populations in China, Korea and the United States.
- Given the existence of influenza SA-α-2,3-Gal and SA-α-2,6-Gal receptors in the respiratory tracts of both dogs and horses, there exists a high probability for the virus to transfer across species to horses upon exposure to infected dogs.
- The increasing frequency of CIV H3N2 cases globally, therefore, presents potentially high risks for horses.
Research Methodology
- To investigate the possibility of such transspecies transmission, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on horses to study the patterns of CIV H3N2 infections.
- The researchers used the hemagglutination inhibition (HI), microneutralization (MN), and the chicken embryo neutralization test (CENT) for the survey.
- 399 race horse serum samples collected from April 2014 to November 2016 in various regions of China were assessed for the study.
Research Findings
- Out of 399 samples, 9 of them (2.2%) tested positive for CIV H3N2, showing significant titers with all three tests.
- The positive results significantly correlated with exposure to dogs, further corroborating the hypothesis of the CIV H3N2 virus moving across species.
- Upon testing, some dogs (20%, 3/15) from the same riding clubs as the positive horses were also found to possess antibodies against CIV H3N2, reinforcing the evidence of transspecies infection.
Conclusions and Recommendations
- This study marks the first recorded seroepidemiological evidence of horses contracting CIV H3N2 from dogs.
- In light of these findings, the research team calls for regular serological and virological monitoring of CIV H3N2 infections among horses.
- Given the potential public health impact of CIV H3N2 infections, the research also urges further animal experiments to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the virus, its transmission paths, and effects.
Cite This Article
APA
Zhou P, Luo A, Xiao X, Hu X, Shen D, Li J, Wu X, Xian X, Wei C, Fu C, Zhang G, Sun L, Li S.
(2019).
Serological evidence of H3N2 canine influenza virus infection among horses with dog exposure.
Transbound Emerg Dis, 66(2), 915-920.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13104 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Animal Health Supervision Institute, Guangzhou, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- China / epidemiology
- Dog Diseases / transmission
- Dogs
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / physiology
- Male
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
Grant Funding
- 2017A030303068 / Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province
- 2013B040200032 / Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province
- 31402259 / National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2018B030311037 / Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China
- 2018A030313633 / Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Whitlock F, Murcia PR, Newton JR. A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective.. Viruses 2022 Jun 15;14(6).
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