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PLoS neglected tropical diseases2014; 8(2); e2706; doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002706

Serological evidence of widespread circulation of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses in equines of the Pantanal, Brazil.

Abstract: A recent study reported neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in horses from four ranches of southern Pantanal. To extend that study, a serosurvey for WNV and 11 Brazilian flaviviruses was conducted with 760 equines, 238 sheep and 61 caimans from 17 local cattle ranches. Among the tested equines, 32 were collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. The sera were initially screened by using a blocking ELISA and then titrated by 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) for 12 flaviviruses. Employing the criterion of 4-fold greater titer, 78 (10.3%) equines were seropositive for Ilheus virus, 59 (7.8%) for Saint Louis encephalitis virus, 24 (3.2%) for WNV, two (0.3%) for Cacipacore virus and one (0.1%) for Rocio virus. No serological evidence was found linking the neurological disease that affected local equines to WNV. All caimans and sheep were negative by blocking ELISA for flaviviruses. There were no seropositive equines for Bussuquara, Iguape, Yellow fever and all four Dengue virus serotypes. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in ten ranches and ILHV and SLEV-seropositive equines in fourteen ranches of two different sub-regions of Pantanal is strong evidence of widespread circulation of these flaviviruses in the region.
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Publication Date: 2014-02-13 PubMed ID: 24551266PubMed Central: PMC3923745DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002706Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research discusses detecting antibodies for West Nile virus and other flaviviruses in equines (horses) in the Pantanal region in Brazil, suggesting these viruses circulate widely in this area.

Methods

  • The researchers conducted a serosurvey – a survey of blood serum – on 760 horses, 238 sheep, and 61 caimans from 17 local cattle ranches.
  • The blood samples were primarily looked at through a blocking ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) which is an antibody detection method.
  • The sera were also checked using a 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) for 12 different flaviviruses. Flaviviruses are a type of virus that includes West Nile virus, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, etc.

Results

  • Testing established that there were antibodies (which indicate exposure to a virus) against a range of flaviviruses among the horse population. For instance, 78 (10.3%) horses tested positive for Ilheus virus, 59 (7.8%) for Saint Louis encephalitis virus, and 24 (3.2%) for West Nile virus.
  • Cacipacore virus and Rocio virus antibodies were found in much smaller percentages of the horses sampled. No links were established between the neurological disorders observed in local horses and West Nile virus.
  • All the sheep and caimans blood samples tested negative for antibodies against the flaviviruses. There were no horses that tested positive for antibodies against Bussuquara, Iguape, Yellow fever, and all four Dengue virus types.

Conclusion

  • The detection of West Nile virus-seropositive horses in 10 out of 17 studied ranches and other flavivirus-seropositive horses in 14 ranches suggests a widespread circulation of these viruses in the Pantanal region of Brazil.

Impact

  • This study could be important for public health in Brazil and other tropical regions, as it indicates where these potentially dangerous viruses are present and signals that there may be a risk to humans in these areas.
  • Increased monitoring and control of mosquito vectors might be necessary to reduce the spread of these viruses.

Cite This Article

APA
Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Campos Z, Juliano R, Velez J, Nogueira RM, Komar N. (2014). Serological evidence of widespread circulation of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses in equines of the Pantanal, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 8(2), e2706. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002706

Publication

PLoS neglected tropical diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
NlmUniqueID: 101291488
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: e2706
PII: e2706

Researcher Affiliations

Pauvolid-Corrêa, Alex
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America ; Fulbright Visiting Researcher in Doctorate Sandwich Program at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
Campos, Zilca
  • Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Juliano, Raquel
  • Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Velez, Jason
  • Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
Nogueira, Rita Maria Ribeiro
  • Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Komar, Nicholas
  • Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Alligators and Crocodiles / virology
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Horses / virology
  • Sheep / virology
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / immunology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile Fever / virology
  • West Nile virus / immunology
  • West Nile virus / isolation & purification

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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