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Neutralising antibodies for West Nile virus in horses from Brazilian Pantanal.
Abstract: Despite evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) activity in Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina, this virus has not been reported in most South American countries. In February 2009, we commenced an investigation for WNV in mosquitoes, horses and caimans from the Pantanal, Central-West Brazil. The sera of 168 horses and 30 caimans were initially tested using a flaviviruses-specific epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (blocking ELISA) for the detection of flavivirus-reactive antibodies. The seropositive samples were further tested using a plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT90) for WNV and its most closely-related flaviviruses that circulate in Brazil to confirm the detection of specific virus-neutralising antibodies. Of the 93 (55.4%) blocking ELISA-seropositive horse serum samples, five (3%) were seropositive for WNV, nine (5.4%) were seropositive for St. Louis encephalitis virus, 18 (10.7%) were seropositive for Ilheus virus, three (1.8%) were seropositive for Cacipacore virus and none were seropositive for Rocio virus using PRNT90, with a criteria of ≥ four-fold antibody titre difference. All caimans were negative for flaviviruses-specific antibodies using the blocking ELISA. No virus genome was detected from caiman blood or mosquito samples. The present study is the first report of confirmed serological evidence of WNV activity in Brazil.
Publication Date: 2011-07-09 PubMed ID: 21739036DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000400014Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article presents findings from a study investigating the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil’s Pantanal region. The research focused on horses, mosquitoes, and caimans, proving the first serological evidence of WNV in the country.
Research Methodology
- The investigation took place in 2009, with researchers examining horses and caimans from the Pantanal, a marshy region located in Central-West Brazil notorious for its rich wildlife.
- They also tried to detect WNV in mosquito species known to spread this infection.
- The team initially tested the serum of 168 horses and 30 caimans using a flavivirus-specific epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (blocking ELISA).
- The purpose of the blocking ELISA test was to detect flavivirus-reactive antibodies that our immune system produces when infected with diseases like WNV.
Results of the Blocking ELISA Test
- Of the 168 horses tested, 93 (55.4%) produced a positive result on the blocking ELISA, indicating the presence of flavivirus-reactive antibodies.
- However, all the caiman samples tested negative for these antibodies.
Confirmation through the Plaque-Reduction Neutralisation Test (PRNT90)
- The researchers conducted a plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT90) on the seropositive samples obtained from the ELISA. This test confirms the presence of virus-neutralising antibodies against WNV and other closely-related flaviviruses.
- Results confirmed that out of the 93 seropositive horse samples from the blocking ELISA, five (3%) were positive for WNV. The remaining samples tested positive for other flaviviruses: nine (5.4%) for St. Louis encephalitis virus, 18 (10.7%) for Ilheus virus, and three (1.8%) for Cacipacore virus. None were positive for Rocio virus.
Importance and Implications of the Study
- The study is significant as it provides the first serological evidence of West Nile virus activity in Brazil. This indicates that the virus has likely been transmitted to horses in the country.
- Understanding the presence and spread of WNV helps in managing and preventing outbreaks in regions that are vulnerable to the disease.
- While all caimans tested negative for flavivirus-specific antibodies and no virus was detected from caiman blood or mosquito samples, the positive results in horses are substantial enough to warrant further research and monitoring in the region.
Cite This Article
APA
Pauvolid-Corru00eaa A, Morales MA, Levis S, Figueiredo LT, Couto-Lima D, Campos Z, Nogueira MF, da Silva EE, Nogueira RM, Schatzmayr HG.
(2011).
Neutralising antibodies for West Nile virus in horses from Brazilian Pantanal.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 106(4), 467-474.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762011000400014 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratu00f3rio de Flavivu00edrus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Ministu00e9rio da Sau00fade, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. pauvolid@ioc.fiocruz.br
MeSH Terms
- Alligators and Crocodiles / immunology
- Alligators and Crocodiles / virology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Brazil
- Culicidae / immunology
- Culicidae / virology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses / immunology
- Horses / virology
- Male
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- West Nile Fever / diagnosis
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile virus / immunology
- West Nile virus / isolation & purification
Citations
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