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Vaccine2014; 32(29); 3611-3616; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.087

Serological response of foals to polyvalent and monovalent live-attenuated African horse sickness virus vaccines.

Abstract: African horse sickness (AHS) is typically a highly fatal disease in susceptible horses and vaccination is currently used to prevent the occurrence of disease in endemic areas. Similarly, vaccination has been central to the control of incursions of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) into previously unaffected areas and will likely play a significant role in any future incursions. Horses in the AHSV-infected area in South Africa are vaccinated annually with a live-attenuated (modified-live virus [MLV]) vaccine, which includes a cocktail of serotypes 1, 3, 4 (bottle 1) and 2, 6-8 (bottle 2) delivered in two separate doses at least 21 days apart. In this study, the neutralising antibody response of foals immunized with this polyvalent MLV AHSV vaccine was evaluated and compared to the response elicited to monovalent MLV AHSV serotypes. Naïve foals were immunized with either the polyvalent MLV AHSV vaccine, or a combination of monovalent MLV vaccines containing individual AHSV serotypes 1, 4, 7 or 8. There was a marked and consistent difference in the immunogenicity of individual virus serotypes contained in the MLV vaccines. Specifically, foals most consistently seroconverted to AHSV-1 and responses to other serotypes were highly variable, and often weak or not detected. The serotype-specific responses of foals given the monovalent MLV vaccines were similar to those of foals given the polyvalent MLV preparation suggesting that there is no obvious enhanced immune response through the administration of a monovalent vaccine as opposed to the polyvalent vaccine.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2014-05-09 PubMed ID: 24814557DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.087Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research shows that when foals are vaccinated for African Horse Sickness (AHS) using either a combined or single strain vaccine, the immune response is stronger and more consistent to one strain and often weak or non-existent to other strains, suggesting that using a single strain vaccine does not enhance the immune response compared to using a combined strain vaccine.

Introduction to African Horse Sickness and its Vaccination

  • African horse sickness (AHS) is a lethal disease in horses which can be prevented through vaccination.
  • The use of vaccines is integral in controlling the spread of AHS to newer areas.
  • In Africa, horses are given a live-attenuated (modifiable live virus) vaccine which includes different combinations of serotypes depending on the area.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

  • The research set out to investigate the neutralizing antibody response of foals after they are immunized with a polyvalent MLV AHS vaccine and compare it to the response elicited by a single strain MLV AHS vaccine.
  • For the research, naïve foals were immunized using either the polyvalent MLV AHS vaccine or a series of monovalent MLV vaccines which each contained a single AHS virus serotype.

Findings from the Study

  • The research found that there was a considerable and consistent difference in the immunogenicity levels of the individual virus serotypes in the MLV vaccines.
  • Furthermore, results demonstrated that the AHSV-1 serotype elicited the strongest immune response while responses to other serotypes tended to be variable, and often weaker or even undetectable.
  • This pattern held true for both the combination and single strain vaccines, indicating that the use of a monovalent vaccine does not provide an enhanced immune response when compared with a polyvalent vaccine.

Cite This Article

APA
Crafford JE, Lourens CW, Smit TK, Gardner IA, MacLachlan NJ, Guthrie AJ. (2014). Serological response of foals to polyvalent and monovalent live-attenuated African horse sickness virus vaccines. Vaccine, 32(29), 3611-3616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.087

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 29
Pages: 3611-3616

Researcher Affiliations

Crafford, J E
  • Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Gauteng, South Africa. Electronic address: jannie.crafford@up.ac.za.
Lourens, C W
  • Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Gauteng, South Africa.
Smit, T K
  • Onderstepoort Biological Products SOC Ltd., Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort 0110, Gauteng, South Africa. Electronic address: theresa@obpvaccines.co.za.
Gardner, I A
  • Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3. Electronic address: iagardner@upei.ca.
MacLachlan, N J
  • Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 5325 VetMed 3A, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: njmaclachlan@ucdavis.edu.
Guthrie, A J
  • Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Gauteng, South Africa. Electronic address: alan.guthrie@up.ac.za.

MeSH Terms

  • African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
  • African Horse Sickness Virus / classification
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunity, Humoral
  • Neutralization Tests
  • Random Allocation
  • Serotyping
  • South Africa
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / therapeutic use
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology
  • Viral Vaccines / therapeutic use

Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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  2. Punyadarsaniya D, Taesuji M, Rattanamas K, Ruenphet S. Establishment of an In-House Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibodies Against African Horse Sickness Based on Monovalent and Polyvalent Live Attenuated Vaccines During the First Outbreak in Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2025 May 15;15(10).
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  3. O'Kennedy MM, Roth R, Ebersohn K, du Plessis LH, Mamputha S, Rutkowska DA, du Preez I, Verschoor JA, Lemmer Y. Immunogenic profile of a plant-produced nonavalent African horse sickness viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccine in IFNAR-/- mice. PLoS One 2024;19(4):e0301340.
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    doi: 10.3390/v14071545pubmed: 35891525google scholar: lookup
  6. Rodríguez M, Joseph S, Pfeffer M, Raghavan R, Wernery U. Immune response of horses to inactivated African horse sickness vaccines. BMC Vet Res 2020 Sep 1;16(1):322.
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  7. Rutkowska DA, Mokoena NB, Tsekoa TL, Dibakwane VS, O'Kennedy MM. Plant-produced chimeric virus-like particles - a new generation vaccine against African horse sickness. BMC Vet Res 2019 Dec 3;15(1):432.
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